305d0dc9-5c68-487b-8ecc-2a1d73e3a782 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2025-10-22T07:06:03.581381Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) EPSG Mediterranean Sea sea level extreme variability mean and anomaly (observations) OMI_EXTREME_SL_MEDSEA_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs 2023-11-30 3.4 2025-11-25 ef932fc0-04e7-4a25-b7b2-08a2d85d4039 '''DEFINITION''' The OMI_EXTREME_SL_MEDSEA_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs indicator is based on the computation of the 99th and the 1st percentiles from in situ data (observations). It is computed for the variable sea level measured by tide gauges along the coast. The use of percentiles instead of annual maximum and minimum values, makes this extremes study less affected by individual data measurement errors. The annual percentiles referred to annual mean sea level are temporally averaged and their spatial evolution is displayed in the dataset omi_extreme_sl_medsea_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs, jointly with the anomaly in the target year. This study of extreme variability was first applied to sea level variable (Pérez Gómez et al 2016) and then extended to other essential variables, sea surface temperature and significant wave height (Pérez Gómez et al 2018). '''CONTEXT''' Sea level (SLEV) is one of the Essential Ocean Variables most affected by climate change. Global mean sea level rise has accelerated since the 1990’s (Abram et al., 2019, Legeais et al., 2020), due to the increase of ocean temperature and mass volume caused by land ice melting (WCRP, 2018). Basin scale oceanographic and meteorological features lead to regional variations of this trend that combined with changes in the frequency and intensity of storms could also rise extreme sea levels up to one meter by the end of the century (Vousdoukas et al., 2020, Tebaldi et al., 2021). This will significantly increase coastal vulnerability to storms, with important consequences on the extent of flooding events, coastal erosion and damage to infrastructures caused by waves (Boumis et al., 2023). The increase in extreme sea levels over recent decades is, therefore, primarily due to the rise in mean sea level. Note, however, that the methodology used to compute this OMI removes the annual 50th percentile, thereby discarding the mean sea level trend to isolate changes in storminess. The Mediterranean Sea shows statistically significant positive sea level trends over the whole basin. However, at sub-basin scale sea level trends show spatial variability arising from local circulation (Calafat et al., 2022; Meli et al., 2023). '''COPERNICUS MARINE SERVICE KEY FINDINGS''' The completeness index criteria is fulfilled by 41 stations in 2023, 3 more than in 2022, including the first station in the African coast, in the Alboran Sea (Melilla). The mean 99th percentiles reflect the spatial variability of the tide, a microtidal regime, along the Spanish, French and Italian coasts, ranging from around 0.20 m above mean sea level in Sicily and the Balearic Islands (e.g.: 0.22 m in Porto Empedocle; 0.23 m in Ibiza) to around 0.60 m above mean sea level in the Northern Adriatic Sea (e.g.: 0.63 m in Trieste, 0.61 m in Venice). The annual 99th percentiles standard deviation ranges between 2 cm in the Alboran Sea and Sicily to 8 cm in Marseille. The 2023 99th percentile anomalies present positive values in the central and northern part of the Mediterranean Sea, with the exception of Ibiza, in the Balearic Islands, and zero or slightly negative anomalies in the Spanish coast and South of Italy. However, these anomalies are only significant, when compared with the standard deviation of the annual percentiles in the record, at a few stations: Marseille (+12 cm), Ibiza (+8 cm), Trieste (+8 cm) and Venice (+7 cm). '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00265 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information INS-PUERTOS-MADRID-ES;INS-NOWSYSTEMS-MADRID-ES P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_EXTREME_SL_MEDSEA_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 in-situ-observation Discipline 2024-04-12 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline slev_percentile1_targetyear slev_percentile99_anomaly slev_percentile99_std slev_percentile99_targetyear slev_percentile1_std slev_percentile1_anomaly slev_percentile99_mean slev_percentile1_mean Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting coastal-marine-environment marine-safety marine-resources Area of benefit 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit mediterranean-sea Reference Geographical Areas 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access Abram, N., Gattuso, J.-P., Prakash, A., Cheng, L., Chidichimo, M. P., Crate, S., Enomoto, H., Garschagen, M., Gruber, N., Harper, S., Holland, E., Kudela, R. M., Rice, J., Steffen, K., & von Schuckmann, K. (2019). Framing and Context of the Report. In H. O. Pörtner, D. C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, & N. M. Weyer (Eds.), IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (pp. 73–129). in press. https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/. 2019-05-08 Boumis, G., Moftakhari, H. R., & Moradkhani, H. 2023. Coevolution of extreme sea levels and sea-level rise under global warming. Earth's Future, 11, e2023EF003649. https://doi. org/10.1029/2023EF003649. 2019-05-08 Calafat, F. M., Frederikse, T., and Horsburgh, K.: The Sources of Sea-Level Changes in the Mediterranean Sea Since 1960, J Geophys Res Oceans, 127, e2022JC019061, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC019061, 2022. 2019-05-08 Legeais J-F, Llovel W, Melet A, and Meyssignac B. 2020. Evidence of the TOPEX-A Altimeter Instrumental Anomaly and Acceleration of the Global Mean Sea Level, In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 4, Journal of Operational Oceanography, s77–s82, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2020.1785097. 2019-05-08 Meli M, Camargo CML, Olivieri M, Slangen ABA, and Romagnoli C. 2023. Sea-level trend variability in the Mediterranean during the 1993–2019 period, Front Mar Sci, 10, 1150488, https://doi.org/10.3389/FMARS.2023.1150488/BIBTEX. 2019-05-08 Pérez-Gómez B, Álvarez-Fanjul E, She J, Pérez-González I, Manzano F. 2016. Extreme sea level events, Section 4.4, p:300. In: Von Schuckmann K, Le Traon PY, Alvarez-Fanjul E, Axell L, Balmaseda M, Breivik LA, Brewin RJW, Bricaud C, Drevillon M, Drillet Y, Dubois C , Embury O, Etienne H, García-Sotillo M, Garric G, Gasparin F, Gutknecht E, Guinehut S, Hernandez F, Juza M, Karlson B, Korres G, Legeais JF, Levier B, Lien VS, Morrow R, Notarstefano G, Parent L, Pascual A, Pérez-Gómez B, Perruche C, Pinardi N, Pisano A, Poulain PM , Pujol IM, Raj RP, Raudsepp U, Roquet H, Samuelsen A, Sathyendranath S, She J, Simoncelli S, Solidoro C, Tinker J, Tintoré J, Viktorsson L, Ablain M, Almroth-Rosell E, Bonaduce A, Clementi E, Cossarini G, Dagneaux Q, Desportes C, Dye S, Fratianni C, Good S, Greiner E, Gourrion J, Hamon M, Holt J, Hyder P, Kennedy J, Manzano-Muñoz F, Melet A, Meyssignac B, Mulet S, Nardelli BB, O’Dea E, Olason E, Paulmier A, Pérez-González I, Reid R, Racault MF, Raitsos DE, Ramos A, Sykes P, Szekely T, Verbrugge N. 2016. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography. 9 (sup2): 235-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 2019-05-08 93baba74-83e3-4737-b9d3-b27888193b5d 1f35bab7-6bd7-476b-ae6b-8c19f625a3f3 01dcb6fc-d179-439a-b011-66a401740f53 Pérez Gómez B, De Alfonso M, Zacharioudaki A, Pérez González I, Álvarez Fanjul E, Müller M, Marcos M, Manzano F, Korres G, Ravdas M, Tamm S. 2018. Sea level, SST and waves: extremes variability. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, Chap. 3.1, s79–s88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208. 2019-05-08 Tebaldi, C., Ranasinghe, R., Vousdoukas, M. et al. 2021. Extreme sea levels at different global warming levels. Nat. Clim. Chang. 11, 746–751. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01127-1. 2019-05-08 Tebaldi, C., Ranasinghe, R., Vousdoukas, M. et al. Author Correction: Extreme sea levels at different global warming levels. Nat. Clim. Chang. 13, 588 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01665-w. 2019-05-08 Vousdoukas MI, Mentaschi L, Hinkel J, et al. 2020. Economic motivation for raising coastal flood defenses in Europe. Nat Commun 11, 2119 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15665-3. 2019-05-08 WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group: Global sea-level budget 1993–present. 2018. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1551-1590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018. 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -6.00 35.00 23.00 52.00 0 2000-01-01 2023-12-31 0 0.0 display priority: 99999 observation vertical level number: 1 false Grid NetCDF-4 https://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_EXTREME_SL_MEDSEA_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs/omi_extreme_sl_medsea_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs_202311/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_extreme_sl_medsea_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/OMI_EXTREME_SL_MEDSEA_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs/omi_extreme_sl_medsea_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs_202311?service=WTMS&request=GetCapabilities OGC:WMTS omi_extreme_sl_medsea_slev_mean_and_anomaly_obs COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")