57e109e6-ecec-4ccd-bbd2-22b91484b688 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2025-12-02T14:55:30.056535Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false EPSG Mediterranean Ocean Heat Content Anomaly (0-700m) time series and trend from Reanalysis & Multi-Observations Reprocessing OMI_CLIMATE_OHC_MEDSEA_area_averaged_anomalies 2025-11-25 3.4 2025-11-25 57e109e6-ecec-4ccd-bbd2-22b91484b688 '''DEFINITION''' Ocean heat content (OHC) is defined here as the deviation from a reference period (1993-2014) and is closely proportional to the average temperature change from z1 = 0 m to z2 = 700 m depth: OHC=∫_(z_1)^(z_2)ρ_0 c_p (T_yr-T_clim )dz [1] with a reference density of = 1030 kgm-3 and a specific heat capacity of cp = 3980 J kg-1 °C-1 (e.g. von Schuckmann et al., 2009). Time series of annual mean values area averaged ocean heat content is provided for the Mediterranean Sea (30°N, 46°N; 6°W, 36°E) and is evaluated for topography deeper than 300m. '''CONTEXT''' Knowing how much and where heat energy is stored and released in the ocean is essential for understanding the contemporary Earth system state, variability and change, as the oceans shape our perspectives for the future. The quality evaluation of MEDSEA_OMI_OHC_area_averaged_anomalies is based on the “multi-product” approach as introduced in the second issue of the Ocean State Report (von Schuckmann et al., 2018), and following the MyOcean’s experience (Masina et al., 2017). Six global products and a regional (Mediterranean Sea) product have been used to build an ensemble mean, and its associated ensemble spread. The reference products are: • The Mediterranean Sea Reanalysis at 1/24 degree horizontal resolution (MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004, DOI: https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1, Escudier et al., 2020) • Four global reanalyses at 1/4 degree horizontal resolution (GLOBAL_MULTIYEAR_PHY_ENS_001_031): GLORYS, C-GLORS, ORAS5, FOAM • Two observation based products: CORA (INSITU_GLO_PHY_TS_OA_MY_013_052) and ARMOR3D (MULTIOBS_GLO_PHY_TSUV_3D_MYNRT_015_012). Details on the products are delivered in the PUM and QUID of this OMI. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' The ensemble mean ocean heat content anomaly time series over the Mediterranean Sea shows a continuous increase in the period 1993-2022 at rate of 1.38±0.08 W/m2 in the upper 700m. After 2005 the rate has clearly increased with respect the previous decade, in agreement with Iona et al. (2018). '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00261 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information MED-CMCC-LECCE-IT P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_CLIMATE_OHC_MEDSEA_area_averaged_anomalies.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 in-situ-observation numerical-model Discipline 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-resources weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-safety coastal-marine-environment Area of benefit 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit mediterranean-sea Reference Geographical Areas 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 0d9e76e5-7780-4743-b719-96db42bb550a Escudier, R., Clementi, E., Omar, M., Cipollone, A., Pistoia, J., Aydogdu, A., Drudi, M., Grandi, A., Lyubartsev, V., Lecci, R., Cretí, S., Masina, S., Coppini, G., & Pinardi, N. (2020). Mediterranean Sea Physical Reanalysis (CMEMS MED-Currents) (Version 1) [Data set]. Copernicus Monitoring Environment Marine Service (CMEMS). https://doi.org/10.25423/CMCC/MEDSEA_MULTIYEAR_PHY_006_004_E3R1 2019-05-08 Iona, A., A. Theodorou, S. Sofianos, S. Watelet, C. Troupin, J.-M. Beckers, 2018: Mediterranean Sea climatic indices: monitoring long term variability and climate changes, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2018-51, in review. 2019-05-08 Masina S., A. Storto, N. Ferry, M. Valdivieso, K. Haines, M. Balmaseda, H. Zuo, M. Drevillon, L. Parent, 2017: An ensemble of eddy-permitting global ocean reanalyses from the MyOcean project. Climate Dynamics, 49 (3): 813-841. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-015-2728-5 2019-05-08 von Schuckmann, K., F. Gaillard and P.-Y. Le Traon, 2009: Global hydrographic variability patterns during 2003-2008, Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, C09007, doi:10.1029/2008JC005237. 2019-05-08 von Schuckmann et al., 2016: Ocean heat content. In: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, issue 1, Journal of Operational Oceanography, Volume 9, 2016 - Issue sup2: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446. 2019-05-08 von Schuckmann et al., 2018: Ocean heat content. In: The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, s1-s142, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 19f41134-5327-43a9-bb92-19627a4181fc a1eae0bb-90ea-4407-aefe-4df8a0cd3731 eng oceans bounding box -6.00 36.00 30.00 46.00 Yearly-mean 1993-01-01 0 0.0 display priority: 57500 observation temporal resolution: annual mean vertical level number: 0 false Point series NetCDF-4 Classic model http://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_CLIMATE_OHC_MEDSEA_area_averaged_anomalies/omi_climate_ohc_medsea_area_averaged_anomalies_202511/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_climate_ohc_medsea_area_averaged_anomalies For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")