b1ae923c-b6ad-4ebd-9662-9fc3cc33a751 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2025-10-22T07:15:56.200548Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) EPSG Iberia Biscay Ireland sea surface temperature extreme variability mean and anomaly (observations) OMI_EXTREME_SST_IBI_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs 2023-11-30 3.4 2025-11-25 ef932fc0-04e7-4a25-b7b2-08a2d85d4039 '''DEFINITION''' The OMI_EXTREME_SST_IBI_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs indicator is based on the computation of the 99th and the 1st percentiles from in situ data (observations). It is computed for the variable sea surface temperature measured by in situ buoys at depths between 0 and 5 meters. The use of percentiles instead of annual maximum and minimum values, makes this extremes study less affected by individual data measurement errors. The percentiles are temporally averaged, and the spatial evolution is displayed, jointly with the anomaly in the target year. This study of extreme variability was first applied to sea level variable (Pérez Gómez et al 2016) and then extended to other essential variables, sea surface temperature and significant wave height (Pérez Gómez et al 2018). '''CONTEXT''' Sea surface temperature (SST) is one of the essential ocean variables affected by climate change (mean SST trends, SST spatial and interannual variability, and extreme events). In Europe, several studies show warming trends in mean SST for the last years (von Schuckmann, 2016; IPCC, 2021, 2022). An exception seems to be the North Atlantic, where, in contrast, anomalous cold conditions have been observed since 2014 (Mulet et al., 2018; Dubois et al. 2018; IPCC 2021, 2022). Extremes may have a stronger direct influence in population dynamics and biodiversity. According to Alexander et al. 2018 the observed warming trend will continue during the 21st Century and this can result in exceptionally large warm extremes. Monitoring the evolution of sea surface temperature extremes is, therefore, crucial. The Iberia Biscay Ireland area is characterized by a great complexity in terms of processes that take place in it. The sea surface temperature varies depending on the latitude with higher values to the South. In this area, the clear warming trend observed in other European Seas is not so evident. The northwest part is influenced by the refreshing trend in the North Atlantic, and a mild warming trend has been observed in the last decade (Pisano et al. 2020). '''COPERNICUS MARINE SERVICE KEY FINDINGS''' The mean 99th percentiles showed in the area present a range from 16-21ºC in the Southwest of the British Isles and the English Channel, 21-22ºC in the Galician Coast, 22-24ºC in the South of Bay of Biscay and the Gulf of Cadiz to 24.5ºC in the Canary Island. The standard deviations are between 0.6ºC and 1.8ºC in the Southwest of the British Isles and the English Channel and between 0.6ºC and 1.3ºC in the south of Bay of Biscay with a narrow margin in the rest of the areas (0.5-0.8ºC). Results for this year show a general positive anomaly in all the areas reaching +0.5ºC in the Gulf of Cadiz, and +1.3ºC in the Southwest of the British Isles and the English Channel inside the std margin in these areas. Only one coastal stations in the Irish Sea present a low negative anomaly (-0.4ºC). More significant are the positve anomalies found in the other areas: +1.2ºC in the South of Bay of Biscay +1.5º in the Canary Island, 2.2ºC in the Galician Coast, all of them out of the std margin of the respective areas. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00255 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information INS-PUERTOS-MADRID-ES;INS-NOWSYSTEMS-MADRID-ES P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_EXTREME_SST_IBI_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 in-situ-observation Discipline 2024-04-12 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline sst_percentile99_mean sst_percentile1_mean sst_percentile1_anomaly sst_percentile99_targetyear sst_percentile1_targetyear sst_percentile99_std sst_percentile1_std sst_percentile99_anomaly Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-safety marine-resources Area of benefit 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit iberian-biscay-irish-seas Reference Geographical Areas 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access Alexander MA, Scott JD, Friedland KD, Mills KE, Nye JA, Pershing AJ, Thomas AC. 2018. Projected sea surface temperatures over the 21st century: Changes in the mean, variability and extremes for large marine ecosystem regions of Northern Oceans. Elem Sci Anth, 6(1), p.9. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.191. 2019-05-08 Dubois C, von Schuckmann K, Josey S, Ceschin A. 2018. Changes in the North Atlantic. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, vol 11, sup1, s66–s70. DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 Mulet S, Nardelli BB, Good S, Pisano A, Greiner E, Monier M, Autret E, Axell L, Boberg F, Ciliberti S, Drévillon M, Droghei R, Embury O, Gourrion J, Høyer J, Juza M, Kennedy J, Lemieux-Dudon B, Peneva E, Reid R, Simoncelli S, Storto A, Tinker J, von Schuckmann K, Wakelin SL. 2018. Ocean temperature and salinity. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, vol 11, sup1, s5–s13. DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 Pérez-Gómez B, Álvarez-Fanjul E, She J, Pérez-González I, Manzano F. 2016. Extreme sea level events, Section 4.4, p:300. In: Von Schuckmann K, Le Traon PY, Alvarez-Fanjul E, Axell L, Balmaseda M, Breivik LA, Brewin RJW, Bricaud C, Drevillon M, Drillet Y, Dubois C , Embury O, Etienne H, García-Sotillo M, Garric G, Gasparin F, Gutknecht E, Guinehut S, Hernandez F, Juza M, Karlson B, Korres G, Legeais JF, Levier B, Lien VS, Morrow R, Notarstefano G, Parent L, Pascual A, Pérez-Gómez B, Perruche C, Pinardi N, Pisano A, Poulain PM , Pujol IM, Raj RP, Raudsepp U, Roquet H, Samuelsen A, Sathyendranath S, She J, Simoncelli S, Solidoro C, Tinker J, Tintoré J, Viktorsson L, Ablain M, Almroth-Rosell E, Bonaduce A, Clementi E, Cossarini G, Dagneaux Q, Desportes C, Dye S, Fratianni C, Good S, Greiner E, Gourrion J, Hamon M, Holt J, Hyder P, Kennedy J, Manzano-Muñoz F, Melet A, Meyssignac B, Mulet S, Nardelli BB, O’Dea E, Olason E, Paulmier A, Pérez-González I, Reid R, Racault MF, Raitsos DE, Ramos A, Sykes P, Szekely T, Verbrugge N. 2016. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography. 9 (sup2): 235-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 2019-05-08 Pérez Gómez B, De Alfonso M, Zacharioudaki A, Pérez González I, Álvarez Fanjul E, Müller M, Marcos M, Manzano F, Korres G, Ravdas M, Tamm S. 2018. Sea level, SST and waves: extremes variability. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, Chap. 3.1, s79–s88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208. 2019-05-08 Pisano A, Marullo S, Artale V, Falcini F, Yang C, Leonelli FE, Santoleri R, Nardelli BB. 2020. New Evidence of Mediterranean Climate Change and Variability from Sea Surface Temperature Observations. Remote Sensing 12(132). DOI: 10.3390/rs12010132. 2019-05-08 9c38aaca-623e-450c-b149-c5be7eb07918 de9281be-92ca-49fe-b579-ceac95cd406f 0bbb01d5-1e66-4cb9-8023-149aaad9d3e0 von Schuckmann K, Le Traon PY, Alvarez-Fanjul E, Axell L, Balmaseda M, Breivik LA, … Verbrugge N. 2016. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 9(sup2), s235–s320. https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 2019-05-08 IPCC. 2022. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. H.-O., Pörtner, D.C., Roberts, M., Tignor, E.S., Poloczanska, K., Mintenbeck, A., Alegría, M., Craig, S., Langsdorf, S., Löschke, V., Möller, A., Okem, B., Rama (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ 2019-05-08 IPCC. 2021. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. V., Masson-Delmotte, P., Zhai, A., Pirani, S.L., Connors, C., Péan, S., Berger, N., Caud, Y., Chen, L., Goldfarb, M.I., Gomis, M., Huang, K., Leitzell, E., Lonnoy, J.B.R., Matthews, T.K., Maycock, T., Waterfield, O., Yelekçi, R., Yu, B. Zhou (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -23.00 14.00 26.00 56.00 0 2000-01-01 2023-12-31 0 0.0 display priority: 99999 observation vertical level number: 1 false Grid NetCDF-4 https://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_EXTREME_SST_IBI_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs/omi_extreme_sst_ibi_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs_202311/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_extreme_sst_ibi_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/OMI_EXTREME_SST_IBI_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs/omi_extreme_sst_ibi_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs_202311?service=WTMS&request=GetCapabilities OGC:WMTS omi_extreme_sst_ibi_sst_mean_and_anomaly_obs COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")