ef932fc0-04e7-4a25-b7b2-08a2d85d4039 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2025-09-16T13:37:48.836673Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false EPSG Mean Volume Transport across sections from Reanalysis GLOBAL_OMI_WMHE_voltrp 2018-02-12 3.4 2023-03-30 ef932fc0-04e7-4a25-b7b2-08a2d85d4039 '''DEFINITION''' Volume transport across lines are obtained by integrating the volume fluxes along some selected sections and from top to bottom of the ocean. The values are computed from models’ daily output. The mean value over a reference period (1993-2014) and over the last full year are provided for the ensemble product and the individual reanalysis, as well as the standard deviation for the ensemble product over the reference period (1993-2014). The values are given in Sverdrup (Sv). '''CONTEXT''' The ocean transports heat and mass by vertical overturning and horizontal circulation, and is one of the fundamental dynamic components of the Earth’s energy budget (IPCC, 2013). There are spatial asymmetries in the energy budget resulting from the Earth’s orientation to the sun and the meridional variation in absorbed radiation which support a transfer of energy from the tropics towards the poles. However, there are spatial variations in the loss of heat by the ocean through sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as differences in ocean basin geometry and current systems. These complexities support a pattern of oceanic heat transport that is not strictly from lower to high latitudes. Moreover, it is not stationary and we are only beginning to unravel its variability. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' The mean transports estimated by the ensemble global reanalysis are comparable to estimates based on observations; the uncertainties on these integrated quantities are still large in all the available products. At Drake Passage, the multi-product approach (product no. 2.4.1) is larger than the value (130 Sv) of Lumpkin and Speer (2007), but smaller than the new observational based results of Colin de Verdière and Ollitrault, (2016) (175 Sv) and Donohue (2017) (173.3 Sv). Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00247 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information GLO-MERCATOR-TOULOUSE-FR P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/GLOBAL_OMI_WMHE_voltrp.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 numerical-model Discipline 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline ocean_volume_transport_across_line Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-resources marine-safety Area of benefit 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit global-ocean Reference Geographical Areas 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 57e5e101-31b1-4d93-90a3-59324780d7b5 d686ee3c-81bc-4828-840a-82912262c689 ab546bc3-4127-4090-b101-9a0a48d0bc05 Lumpkin R, Speer K. 2007. Global ocean meridional overturning. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 2550–2562, doi:10.1175/JPO3130.1. 2019-05-08 Madec G : NEMO ocean engine, Note du Pôle de modélisation, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), France, No 27, ISSN No 1288-1619, 2008 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 pluri-annual-mean; yearly-mean 1993-01-01 2017-12-31 0 0.0 display priority: 01005 observation temporal resolution: Pluri-annual mean vertical level number: 0 temporal resolution: annual mean false Trajectory NetCDF-4 https://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/GLOBAL_OMI_WMHE_voltrp/global_omi_wmhe_voltrp_202003/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC global_omi_wmhe_voltrp For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")