f685cbe4-cc09-48d1-8ae0-00e7617a8bbc Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2026-03-27T11:09:35.39223Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 0.028 0.028 false WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) EPSG Iberia Biscay Ireland Sea Surface Temperature extreme from Reanalysis OMI_CLIMATE_TEMPSAL_IBI_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly 2020-06-18 3.4 2024-11-26 a78600a4-a280-47b5-8ddd-0dc8b5e9c9d9 '''DEFINITION''' The Iberia Biscay Ireland (IBI) Sea Surface Temperature extreme from Reanalysis ocean monitoring indicator (OMI) (OMI_CLIMATE_TEMPSAL_IBI_extreme_var_temp_mean_and_anomaly) is based on the computation of the annual 99th percentile of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from model data. Two different Copernicus Marine products are used to compute the indicator: The IBI Reanalysis (IBI_MULTIYEAR_PHY_005_002) and the IBI Analysis product (IBI_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_005_001). Two parameters have been considered for this OMI: * '''Map of the 99th mean percentile''': It is obtained from the reanalysis product, the annual 99th percentile is computed for each year of the product. The percentiles are temporally averaged over the whole period (1993-2023). * '''Anomaly of the 99th percentile in 2024''': The 99th percentile of the year 2024 is computed from the Analysis product. The anomaly is obtained by subtracting the mean percentile from the 2024 percentile. This indicator is aimed at monitoring the extremes of sea surface temperature every year and at checking their variations in space. The use of percentiles instead of annual maxima, makes this extremes study less affected by individual data. This study of extreme variability was first applied to the sea level variable (Pérez Gómez et al 2016) and then extended to other essential variables, such as sea surface temperature and significant wave height (Pérez Gómez et al 2018 and Alvarez Fanjul et al., 2019). More details and a full scientific evaluation can be found in the CMEMS Ocean State report (Alvarez Fanjul et al., 2019). '''CONTEXT''' The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the essential ocean variables, hence the monitoring of this variable is of key importance, since its variations can affect the ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, and ocean-atmosphere exchange processes. As the oceans continuously interact with the atmosphere, trends of sea surface temperature can also have an effect on the global climate. While the global-averaged sea surface temperatures have increased since the beginning of the 20th century (Hartmann et al., 2013) in the North Atlantic, anomalous cold conditions have also been reported since 2014 (Mulet et al., 2018; Dubois et al., 2018). The IBI area is a complex dynamic region with a remarkable variety of ocean physical processes and scales involved. The SST field in the region is strongly dependent on latitude, with higher values towards the South (Locarnini et al. 2013). This latitudinal gradient is supported by the presence of the eastern part of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre that transports cool water from the northern latitudes towards the equator. Additionally, the IBI region is under the influence of the Sea Level Pressure dipole established between the Icelandic low and the Bermuda high. Therefore, the interannual and interdecadal variability of the surface temperature field may be influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation pattern (Czaja and Frankignoul, 2002; Flatau et al., 2003). Upwelling processes, taking place in the coastal margins, are also relevant in the IBI region. The most referenced one is the eastern boundary coastal upwelling system off the African and western Iberian coast (Sotillo et al., 2016), although other smaller upwelling systems have also been described in the northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Alvarez et al., 2011), the south-western Irish coast (Edwars et al., 1996) and the European Continental Slope (Dickson, 1980). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' In the IBI region, the 99th mean percentile for 1993-2023 shows a north-south pattern driven by the climatological distribution of temperatures in the North Atlantic. In the coastal regions of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula, the mean values are influenced by the upwelling processes (Sotillo et al., 2016). These results are consistent with the ones presented in Álvarez Fanjul (2019) for the period 1993-2016. The analysis of the 99th percentile SST anomaly for the year 2024 reveals that the northeastern Atlantic region, between latitudes 36° N and 48° N, experienced thermal anomalies exceeding twice the standard deviation. Similar anomalies are also observed near the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, suggesting that inshore and coastal areas may have been affected as well. In contrast, the upwelling region west of the Iberian Peninsula shows negative anomalies in maximum SST, indicating an intensification of upwelling processes in this area. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00254 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information IBI-NOLOGIN-MADRID-ES P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_CLIMATE_TEMPSAL_IBI_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 numerical-model Discipline 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-safety marine-resources coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting Area of benefit 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit iberian-biscay-irish-seas Reference Geographical Areas 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access Alvarez I, Gomez-Gesteira M, DeCastro M, Lorenzo MN, Crespo AJC, Dias JM., (2011): Comparative analysis of upwelling influence between the western and northern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. Continental Shelf Research, 31(5), 388-399. 2019-05-08 Álvarez Fanjul E, Pascual Collar A, Pérez Gómez B, De Alfonso M, García Sotillo M, Staneva J, Clementi E, Grandi A, Zacharioudaki A, Korres G, Ravdas M, Renshaw R, Tinker J, Raudsepp U, Lagemaa P, Maljutenko I, Geyer G, Müller M, Çağlar Yumruktepe V. Sea level, sea surface temperature and SWH extreme percentiles: combined analysis from model results and in situ observations, Section 2.7, p:31. In: Schuckmann K, Le Traon P-Y, Smith N, Pascual A, Djavidnia S, Gattuso J-P, Grégoire M, Nolan G, et al., (2019): Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 3, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 12:sup1, S1-S123, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2019.1633075 2019-05-08 Czaja A, Frankignoul C., (2002): Observed impact of Atlantic SST anomalies on the North Atlantic Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 15(6), 606-623. 2019-05-08 Dickson RR, Gurbutt PA, Pillai VN. 1980. Satellite evidence of enhanced upwelling along the European continental slope. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 10(5), 813-819. 2019-05-08 Dubois C, von Schuckmann K, Josey S., (2018): Changes in the North Atlantic. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, Chap. 2.9, s66–s70, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 Edwards A, Jones K, Graham JM, Griffiths CR, MacDougall N, Patching J, Raine R. 1996. Transient coastal upwelling and water circulation in Bantry Bay, a ria on the south-west coast of Ireland. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 42(2), 213-230. 2019-05-08 Flatau MK, Talley L, Niiler PP., (2003): The North Atlantic Oscillation, surface current velocities, and SST changes in the subpolar North Atlantic. Journal of Climate, 16(14), 2355-2369. 2019-05-08 Hartmann DL, Klein Tank AMG, Rusticucci M, Alexander LV, Brönnimann S, Charabi Y, Dentener FJ, Dlugokencky EJ, Easterling DR, Kaplan A, Soden BJ, Thorne PW, Wild M, Zhai PM., (2013): Observations: Atmosphere and Surface. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 2019-05-08 Locarnini, R.A., Mishonov, A.V., Antonov, J.I., Boyer, T.P., Garcia, H.E., Baranova, O.K., Zweng, M.M., Paver, C.R., Reagan, J.R., Johnson, D.R., et al., (2013). World ocean atlas 2013. In:Levitus S, Mishonov A, editors, technical editors. NOAAatlas NESDIS 73, 40 pp. (Volume 1: Temperature). 2019-05-08 Mulet S, Nardelli BB, Good S, Pisano A, Greiner E, Monier M., (2018): Ocean temperature and salinity. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, Chap. 1.1, s5–s13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 Pérez-Gómez B, Álvarez-Fanjul E, She J, Pérez-González I, Manzano F., (2016): Extreme sea level events, Section 4.4, p:300. In: Von Schuckmann K, Le Traon PY, Alvarez-Fanjul E, Axell L, Balmaseda M, Breivik LA, Brewin RJW, Bricaud C, Drevillon M, Drillet Y, Dubois C , Embury O, Etienne H, García-Sotillo M, Garric G, Gasparin F, Gutknecht E, Guinehut S, Hernandez F, Juza M, Karlson B, Korres G, Legeais JF, Levier B, Lien VS, Morrow R, Notarstefano G, Parent L, Pascual A, Pérez-Gómez B, Perruche C, Pinardi N, Pisano A, Poulain PM , Pujol IM, Raj RP, Raudsepp U, Roquet H, Samuelsen A, Sathyendranath S, She J, Simoncelli S, Solidoro C, Tinker J, Tintoré J, Viktorsson L, Ablain M, Almroth-Rosell E, Bonaduce A, Clementi E, Cossarini G, Dagneaux Q, Desportes C, Dye S, Fratianni C, Good S, Greiner E, Gourrion J, Hamon M, Holt J, Hyder P, Kennedy J, Manzano-Muñoz F, Melet A, Meyssignac B, Mulet S, Nardelli BB, O’Dea E, Olason E, Paulmier A, Pérez-González I, Reid R, Racault MF, Raitsos DE, Ramos A, Sykes P, Szekely T, Verbrugge N. 2016. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography. 9 (sup2): 235-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 2019-05-08 Pérez Gómez B., De Alfonso M., Zacharioudaki A., Pérez González I., Álvarez Fanjul E., Müller M., Marcos M., Manzano F., Korres G., Ravdas M., Tamm S., (2018): Sea level, SST and waves: extremes variability. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Issue 2, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, Chap. 3.1, s79–s88, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 42cc80b7-2481-40b9-b713-6a05ba2796e9 651af724-890c-48ba-b64c-da925712cb33 Sotillo MG, Levier B, Pascual A, Gonzalez A., (2016): Iberian-Biscay-Irish Sea. In von Schuckmann et al. 2016. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report No.1, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 9:sup2, s235-s320, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2016.1273446 2019-05-08 db088feb-3cd6-4ec0-a8e3-33a6c5d4012a eng oceans bounding box -19.00 5.00 26.00 56.00 1993-01-01 2023-12-31 0 0 display priority: 53800 observation vertical level number: 1 temporal resolution: annual mean false Grid NetCDF-4 http://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly/omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly_202411/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly/omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly_202411 OGC:WMTS omi_climate_tempsal_ibi_extreme_var_mean_and_anomaly COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")