1a76bf76-8cae-4498-9bb8-e7ab2fdfdb28 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2026-02-05T14:26:17.511603Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false WGS 84 / Plate Carree (EPSG:32662) EPSG [ARCHIVE] Global Ocean Zonal Mean Subsurface Temperature cumulative trend from Multi-Observations Reprocessing GLOBAL_OMI_TEMPSAL_Tyz_trend 2018-02-12 3.4 2023-03-30 65b1548d-eb1f-4745-a6d7-ad1bc74c571d '''This product has been archived''' '''DEFINITION''' The linear change of zonal mean subsurface temperature over the period 1993-2019 at each grid point (in depth and latitude) is evaluated to obtain a global mean depth-latitude plot of subsurface temperature trend, expressed in °C. The linear change is computed using the slope of the linear regression at each grid point scaled by the number of time steps (27 years, 1993-2019). A multi-product approach is used, meaning that the linear change is first computed for 5 different zonal mean temperature estimates. The average linear change is then computed, as well as the standard deviation between the five linear change computations. The evaluation method relies in the study of the consistency in between the 5 different estimates, which provides a qualitative estimate of the robustness of the indicator. See Mulet et al. (2018) for more details. '''CONTEXT''' Large-scale temperature variations in the upper layers are mainly related to the heat exchange with the atmosphere and surrounding oceanic regions, while the deeper ocean temperature in the main thermocline and below varies due to many dynamical forcing mechanisms (Bindoff et al., 2019). Together with ocean acidification and deoxygenation (IPCC, 2019), ocean warming can lead to dramatic changes in ecosystem assemblages, biodiversity, population extinctions, coral bleaching and infectious disease, change in behavior (including reproduction), as well as redistribution of habitat (e.g. Gattuso et al., 2015, Molinos et al., 2016, Ramirez et al., 2017). Ocean warming also intensifies tropical cyclones (Hoegh-Guldberg et al., 2018; Trenberth et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2017). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' The results show an overall ocean warming of the upper global ocean over the period 1993-2019, particularly in the upper 300m depth. In some areas, this warming signal reaches down to about 800m depth such as for example in the Southern Ocean south of 40°S. In other areas, the signal-to-noise ratio in the deeper ocean layers is less than two, i.e. the different products used for the ensemble mean show weak agreement. However, interannual-to-decadal fluctuations are superposed on the warming signal, and can interfere with the warming trend. For example, in the subpolar North Atlantic decadal variations such as the so called ‘cold event’ prevail (Dubois et al., 2018; Gourrion et al., 2018), and the cumulative trend over a quarter of a decade does not exceed twice the noise level below about 100m depth. Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00244 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information MULTIOBS-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/GLOBAL_OMI_TEMPSAL_Tyz_trend.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 numerical-model in-situ-observation satellite-observation Discipline 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline change_over_time_in_sea_water_temperature Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-resources coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-safety Area of benefit 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit global-ocean Reference Geographical Areas 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access Dubois, C., K. von Schuckmann, S. Josey, A. Ceschin, 2018: Changes in the North Atlantic. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, S1-S142, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208. 2019-05-08 Gattuso, J-P., et al. (2015): Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science 349, no. 6243. 2019-05-08 Gourrion, J., J. Deshayes, M. Juza, T. Szekely, J. Tontore, 2018: A persisting regional cold and fresh water anomaly in the Northern Atlantic. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, S1-S142, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208. 2019-05-08 Hoegh-Guldberg, O., et al., 2018: Impacts of 1.5ºC Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above preindustrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma- Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. 2019-05-08 IPCC, 2019: Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press. 2019-05-08 Molinos, J.G., et al. (2016): Climate velocity and the future global redistribution of marine biodiversity, NATURE Climate Change 6 doi:10.10383/NCLIMATE2769. 2019-05-08 Mulet S, Buongiorno Nardelli B, Good S, A. Pisano A, E. Greiner, Monier M, 2018. Ocean temperature and salinity. In: Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11:sup1, S1-S142, DOI: 10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208. 2019-05-08 fc52df02-870b-4fb5-ba27-af4ebf893321 b2588670-8b6e-4a4c-ba7e-64b113edd8a1 2953a014-5fbb-4b6d-b317-cf1e8c6e51b5 Ramírez, F., I. Afán, L.S. Davis, and A. Chiaradia (2017): Climate impacts on global hot spots of marine biodiversity. Science Advances 3, no. 2 : e1601198. 2019-05-08 Sun, Y., Z. Zhong, T. Li, L. Yi, Y. Hu, H. Wan, H. Chen, Q. Liao, C. Ma and Q. Li, 2017: Impact of Ocean Warming on Tropical Cyclone Size and Its Destructiveness, Nature Scientific Reports, Volume 7 (8154), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08533-6. 2019-05-08 Trenberth, K. E., L. J. Cheng, P. Jacobs, Y. X. Zhang, and J. Fasullo (2018): Hurricane Harvey links to ocean heat content and climate change adaptation. Earth's Future, 6, 730--744, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000825. 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 Yearly-mean 1993-01-01 2019-12-31 0 0.0 display priority: 99999 observation vertical level number: 0 false Grid NetCDF-4 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")