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            <gco:CharacterString>Les variations barystatiques et manométriques du niveau marin représentent la composante de masse des variations du niveau marin aux échelles globale et régionale respectivement. Les variations barystatiques et manométriques du niveau marin sont estimées ici à partir de la gravimétrie, issues des mesures des missions de gravimétrie spatiale GRACE et GRACE - Follow On.

Deux produits sont distribués :
- Les variations barystatiques du niveau de la mer à partir de la gravimétrie : séries temporelles mensuelles ;
- Les variations manométriques du niveau de la mer à partir de la gravimétrie : grilles mensuelles 1x1°.

Les missions GRACE et GRACE Follow-On surveillent les variations temporelles du champ de gravité de façon quasi continue depuis 2002. De nombreux centres distribuent des solutions temporelles du potentiel gravitationnel de la Terre, fournies sous forme de coefficients de Stokes, connues sous le nom de solutions de niveau-2. Les solutions de niveau-2 doivent être corrigées de plusieurs effets géophysiques et erreurs instrumentales, converties en anomalies de masse de surface et projetées sur l'ellipsoïde. Les grilles d'anomalies de masse de surface qui en résultent, après application des corrections appropriées, sont appelées solutions de niveau-3. Plusieurs sources d'erreurs affectent les solutions des niveaux 2 et 3, imposées par la configuration du satellite, les erreurs instrumentales et les incertitudes dans les corrections géophysiques utilisées pour traiter les mesures. L'approche ensembliste de Blazquez et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy293) est utilisée pour estimer de manière robuste les changements manométriques et barystatiques du niveau de la mer et leurs incertitudes.</gco:CharacterString>
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Références bibliographique
- Blazquez, A., Meyssignac, B., Lemoine, J.-M., Berthier, E., Ribes, A., Cazenave, A. (2018). Exploring the uncertainty in GRACE estimates of the mass redistributions at the Earth surface: implications for the global water and sea level budgets, Geophysical Journal International, 215 (1), 415–430, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy293
- Pfeffer, J., Cazenave, A. &amp; Barnoud, A. (2022). Analysis of the interannual variability in satellite gravity solutions: detection of climate modes fingerprints in water mass displacements across continents and oceans. Clim Dyn 58, 1065–1084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05953-z</gco:CharacterString>
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