35002607-3546-412b-8c5d-9c182a16ffea CERSAT Exploitation fpaf@ifremer.fr editor 2025-11-30T19:03:29.337435Z ISO 19115-3:2018 - Remote Sensing http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326 Global Merged Multi-Mission Hourly Gridded Wind Level 4 Dataset (2010-2020) for ESA MAXSS Project 2022-11-09 creation 2023-03-30 publication MAXSS-L4-GLOB_025_1H_MULTI-v1.0 1.0 The Level 4 merged microwave wind product is a complete set of hourly global 10-m wind maps on a 0.25x0.25 degree latitude-longitude grid, spanning 1 Jan 2010 through the end of 2020. The product combines background neutral equivalent wind fields from ERA5, daily surface current fields from CMEMS, and stress equivalent winds obtained from several microwave passive and active sensors to produce hourly surface current relative stress equivalent wind analyses. The satellite winds include those from recently launched L-band passive sensors capable of measuring extreme winds in tropical cyclones, with little or no degradation from precipitation. All satellite winds used in the analyses have been recalibrated using a large set of collocated satellite-SFMR wind data in storm-centric coordinates. To maximize the use of the satellite microwave data, winds within a 24-hour window centered on the analysis time have been incorporated into each analysis. To accomodate the large time window, satellite wind speeds are transformed into deviations from ERA5 background wind speeds interpolated to the measurement times, and then an optical flow-based morphing technique is applied to these wind speed increments to propagate them from measurement to analysis time. These morphed wind speed increments are then added to the background wind speed at the analysis time to yield a set of total wind speeds fields for each sensor at the analysis time. These individual sensor wind speed fields are then combined with the background 10-m wind direction to yield vorticity and divergence fields for the individual sensor winds. From these, merged vorticity and divergence fields are computed as a weighted average of the individual vorticity and divergence fields. The final vector wind field is then obtained directly from these merged vorticity and divergence fields. Note that one consequence of producing the analyses in terms of vorticity and divergence is that there are no discontinuities in the wind speed fields at the (morphed) swath edges. There are two important points to be noted: the background ERA5 wind speed fields have been rescaled to be globally consistent with the recalibrated AMSR2 wind speeds. This rescaling involves a large increase in the ERA5 background winds beyond about 17 m/s. For example, an ERA5 10 m wind speed of 30 m/s is transformed into a wind speed of 41 m/s, and a wind speed of 34 m/s is transformed into a wind speed of about 48 m/s. Besides the current version of the product is calibrated for use within tropical cyclones and is not appropriate for use elsewhere. This dataset was produced in the frame of ESA MAXSS project. The primary objective of the ESA Marine Atmosphere eXtreme Satellite Synergy (MAXSS) project is to provide guidance and innovative methodologies to maximize the synergetic use of available Earth Observation data (satellite, in situ) to improve understanding about the multi-scale dynamical characteristics of extreme air-sea interaction. completed Helpdesk CERSAT Ifremer / CERSAT cersat@ifremer.fr pointOfContact Ifremer / CERSAT cersat@ifremer.fr distributor Joe Tenerelli OceanDataLab joseph.tenerelli@oceandatalab.com author ESA/ESRIN > European Space Agency, European Space Research Institute funder https://sextant.ifremer.fr/geonetwork/srv/api/records/35002607-3546-412b-8c5d-9c182a16ffea/attachments/MAXSS-L4.png MAXSS-L4.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2018-01-01 publication 2018-07-27T14:39:48 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme Ocean Winds Cersat - Parameter 2024-07-26 publication 2024-07-26 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.cersat_parameter Cersat - Project 2025-07-31 publication 2025-07-31 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.cersat_project Historical Cersat - Latency 2024-07-26 publication 2024-07-26 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.cersat_latency /Ocean Winds Cersat - GCMD parameter 2024-01-04 publication 2024-01-04 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.GCMDparameter CDS-CERSAT Centre de données ODATIS 2024-10-16 publication 2024-10-16 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.odatis_centre_donnees Variables ODATIS 2023-10-13 publication 2023-10-13 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.odatis_variables Type de jeux de donnée ODATIS 2024-10-15 publication 2024-10-15 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.type_jeux_donnee Wind ODATIS aggregation parameters and Essential Variable names 2025-07-29 publication 2025-07-29 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.NVS.OD1 /Observational data/satellite Type de jeux de donnée ODATIS 2024-10-15 publication 2024-10-15 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.type_jeux_donnee None CC-BY (Creative Commons - Attribution) Ifremer / CERSAT. 2023. Global Merged Multi-Mission Hourly Gridded Wind Level 4 Dataset (2010-2020) (v1.0) for ESA Marine Atmosphere eXtreme Satellite Synergy project (MAXSS). Ver. 1.0. Ifremer, Plouzane, France. Dataset accessed [YYYY-MM-DD]. grid 0.25 oceans -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 Global 2010-01-01 2020-12-31 composite L4 NetCDF 4 https://data-maxss.ifremer.fr/satellite/l4/v1.0/ WWW:LINK Ifremer HTTPS server ftp://ftp.ifremer.fr/ifremer/cersat/projects/maxss/satellite/l4/v1.0/ WWW:FTP Ifremer FTP server FTP /home/datawork-cersat-public/provider/maxss/products/satellite/l4/v1.0/ NETWORK:LINK Local path on Datarmor Local path https://doi.org/10.12770/35002607-3546-412b-8c5d-9c182a16ffea DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI)