485df951-873f-411d-9f5d-37845766b520 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2023-11-13T14:27:28.21Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false EPSG [ARCHIVE] Kuroshio Phase from Observations Reprocessing GLOBAL_OMI_CURRENTS_kuroshio_phase_area_averaged 2018-02-12 3.4 2023-03-30 c682a888-4a82-4951-9b97-2f2eb168b37f '''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''DEFINITION''' The indicator of the Kuroshio extension phase variations is based on the standardized high frequency altimeter Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE) averaged in the area 142-149°E and 32-37°N and computed from the DUACS (https://duacs.cls.fr) delayed-time (reprocessed version DT-2021, CMEMS SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L4_MY_008_047) and near real-time (CMEMS SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_008_046) altimeter sea level gridded products. The change in the reprocessed version (previously DT-2018) and the extension of the mean value of the EKE (now 27 years, previously 20 years) induce some slight changes not impacting the general variability of the Kuroshio extension (correlation coefficient of 0.988 for the total period, 0.994 for the delayed time period only). '''CONTEXT''' The long-term mean and trends alone do not give a complete view of the likely changes in position of unstable western boundary current extensions (Kelly et al., 2010). The Kuroshio Extension is an eastward-flowing current in the subtropical western North Pacific after the Kuroshio separates from the coast of Japan at 35°N, 140°E. Being the extension of a wind-driven western boundary current, the Kuroshio Extension is characterized by a strong variability and is rich in large-amplitude meanders and energetic eddies (Niiler et al., 2003; Qiu, 2003, 2002). The Kuroshio Extension region has the largest sea surface height variability on sub-annual and decadal time scales in the extratropical North Pacific Ocean (Jayne et al., 2009; Qiu and Chen, 2010, 2005). Prediction and monitoring of the path of the Kuroshio are of huge importance for local economies as the position of the Kuroshio extension strongly determines the regions where phytoplankton and hence fish are located. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' The different states of the Kuroshio extension phase have been presented and validated by Bessières et al. (2013) and further reported by Drévillon et al. (2018) in the Copernicus Ocean State Report #2. Two rather different states of the Kuroshio extension are observed: an ‘elongated state’ (also called ‘strong state’) corresponding to a narrow strong steady jet, and a ‘contracted state’ (also called ‘weak state’) in which the jet is weaker and more unsteady, spreading on a wider latitudinal band. When the Kuroshio Extension jet is in a contracted (elongated) state, the upstream Kuroshio Extension path tends to become more (less) variable and regional eddy kinetic energy level tends to be higher (lower). In between these two opposite phases, the Kuroshio extension jet has many intermediate states of transition and presents either progressively weakening or strengthening trends. In 2018, the indicator reveals an elongated state followed by a weakening neutral phase since then. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00222 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information Yannice Faugère SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR managementboard-sltac@cls.fr Françoise MERTZ SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicemanager-sltac@cls.fr servicedesk.cmems@cls.fr SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicedesk.cmems@cls.fr Jean-François Legeais SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicemanager-sltac@cls.fr MOI-OMI-SERVICE MOI-OMI-SERVICE omi.service@mercator-ocean.fr P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/IMG/GLOBAL_OMI_CURRENTS_kuroshio_phase_area_averaged.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 satellite-observation Discipline 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline specific_turbulent_kinetic_energy_of_sea_water Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-resources coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-safety Area of benefit 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit global-ocean Reference Geographical Areas 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 0df49843-8609-4e6a-aa2e-996d2e16f056 e31546ea-4f3a-48b6-928f-481b1a51fdf6 943d9b70-b720-4650-9cf2-9ebb0b501b5f Bessières, L., Rio, M.H., Dufau, C., Boone, C., Pujol, M.I., 2013. Ocean state indicators from MyOcean altimeter products. Ocean Sci. 9, 545–560. https://doi.org/10.5194/os-9-545-2013 2019-05-08 Drévillon, M., Legeais, J.-F., Peterson, A., Zuo, H., Rio, M.-H., Drillet, Y., Greiner, E., 2018. Western boundary currents. J. Oper. Oceanogr., Copernicus Marine Service Ocean State Report Issue 2, s60–s65. https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208 2019-05-08 Jayne, S.R., Hogg, N.G., Waterman, S.N., Rainville, L., Donohue, K.A., Randolph Watts, D., Tracey, K.L., McClean, J.L., Maltrud, M.E., Qiu, B., Chen, S., Hacker, P., 2009. The Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation gyres. Deep Sea Res. Part Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 56, 2088–2099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.08.006 2019-05-08 Kelly, K.A., Small, R.J., Samelson, R.M., Qiu, B., Joyce, T.M., Kwon, Y.-O., Cronin, M.F., 2010. Western Boundary Currents and Frontal Air–Sea Interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension. J. Clim. 23, 5644–5667. https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3346.1 2019-05-08 Niiler, P.P., Maximenko, N.A., Panteleev, G.G., Yamagata, T., Olson, D.B., 2003. Near-surface dynamical structure of the Kuroshio Extension. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 108. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JC001461 2019-05-08 Qiu, B., 2003. Kuroshio Extension Variability and Forcing of the Pacific Decadal Oscillations: Responses and Potential Feedback. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 33, 2465–2482. https://doi.org/10.1175/2459.1 2019-05-08 Qiu, B., 2002. The Kuroshio Extension System: Its Large-Scale Variability and Role in the Midlatitude Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction. J. Oceanogr. 58, 57–75. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015824717293 2019-05-08 Qiu, B., Chen, S., 2010. Eddy-mean flow interaction in the decadally modulating Kuroshio Extension system. Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr., North Pacific Oceanography after WOCE: A Commemoration to Nobuo Suginohara 57, 1098–1110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.036 2019-05-08 Qiu, B., Chen, S., 2005. Variability of the Kuroshio Extension Jet, Recirculation Gyre, and Mesoscale Eddies on Decadal Time Scales. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 35, 2090–2103. https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO2807.1 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 pluri-annual-trend 1993-01-15 0 0 display priority: 99999 observation temporal resolution: monthly mean vertical level number: 1 false Point series NetCDF-4 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")