6e2e8ce0-7d81-4904-bf52-e919f784ef6e European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 Copenhagen K 1050 Denmark sdi@eea.europa.eu pointOfContact 2025-10-09T10:56:35.360048Z ISO 19115/19139 1.0 EPSG:3035 Physical loss to seabed in Europe Seas, Jan. 2020 2019-05-01 creation 2020-01-27 publication 01.00 eea_r_3035_10_km_physical-loss_p_2012-2017_v01_r00 This raster dataset represents the physical loss of the seabed in the European seas. Physical habitat loss is an extreme pressure on the marine ecosystem which was defined to include all impacts on the seabed which take more than 12 years to recover, a time span influencing even long living marine mammals and seabirds. Habitat is lost if its substrate, morphology or topography is permanently altered. The dataset is an aggregation of several different human activities that cause physical loss in the seabed: dredging and dumping of dredged material, oil and gas rigs, offshore installations, ports, sand and gravel extraction and windfarms. The resulting dataset is a raster (10km grid cell) derived from EMODnet, MED-IAMER and 4C Offshore datasets and with temporal reference from 2012 to 2017. Higher values mean more loss causing activity in the area. Due to its resolution, loss causing activity in a cell does not usually mean that all the seabed habitat in the area is lost. This dataset has been prepared for the calculation of the combined effect index, produced for the ETC/ICM Report 4/2019 "Multiple pressures and their combined effects in Europe's seas" available on: https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-icm/etc-icm-report-4-2019-multiple-pressures-and-their-combined-effects-in-europes-seas-1. European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 Copenhagen K 1050 Denmark sdi@eea.europa.eu http://www.eea.europa.eu WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link European Environment Agency public website pointOfContact European Environment Agency Kongens Nytorv 6 Copenhagen 1050 Denmark sdi@eea.europa.eu http://www.eea.europa.eu WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link European Environment Agency public website custodian https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/6e2e8ce0-7d81-4904-bf52-e919f784ef6e.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2008-06-01 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme sea bed gravel extraction dredged material fishing pressure harbour loss sea oil extraction sand extraction wind power dredging environmental pressure GEMET 2018-08-16 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.gemet North Sea Bay of Biscay Norwegian Sea English Channel Northeast Atlantic Ocean (40W) Adriatic Sea Black Sea Iceland Sea Ionian Sea Kattegat Mediterranean Sea Barents Sea Baltic Sea Celtic Sea Continents, countries, sea regions of the world. 2015-07-17 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.place.regions European Spatial scope 2019-05-22 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeumetadatacodelistSpatialScope-SpatialScope Temporal resolution 2020-06-08 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal.temporal-update Biodiversity Fisheries and aquaculture Production and consumption Industry Seas and coasts EEA topics 2020-09-24 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.eea-topics /Métropole /Métropole/Manche mer du Nord /Métropole/Mers Celtiques /Métropole/Golfe de Gascogne /Métropole/Méditerranée occidentale Sous-regions marines geonetwork.thesaurus.local.place.dcsmm.area /Activités et Usages/Industrie et énergie Thématiques - SIMM geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.simm.thematiques /Activités et Usages/Transport maritime et Ports Thématiques - SIMM geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.simm.thematiques /Etat du Milieu/Bathymétrie Thématiques - SIMM geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.simm.thematiques /Etat du Milieu/Habitats Thématiques - SIMM geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.simm.thematiques /Etat du Milieu/Pollutions Thématiques - SIMM geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.simm.thematiques /Données dérivées/Produits composites Type de jeux de donnée - ODATIS geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.type_jeux_donnee no limitations to public access License CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA). grid 10 environment oceans -41.63412156 63.68416783 30.85678589 81.09699003 2012-01-01 2017-12-31 GeoTIFF https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/webdav/datastore/public/eea_r_3035_10_km_physical-loss_p_2012-2017_v01_r00/ EEA:FOLDERPATH https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/6e2e8ce0-7d81-4904-bf52-e919f784ef6e WWW:URL Direct download https://water.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/Marine/Pressures_Physical_loss_to_seabed/MapServer ESRI:REST https://water.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/Marine/Pressures_Physical_loss_to_seabed/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS OGC:WMS Commission Regulation (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 publication See the referenced specification The dataset was created by combining 5 different human activities layers: 1. Dredging and dumping of dredged material (EMODnet Human Activities - Dredging: https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Dredging, Dumping: https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Dredge+Spoil+Dumping+%28Points%29, https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Dredge+Spoil+Dumping+%28Polygons%29) 2. Oil and gas rigs, offshore installations (EMODnet: https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Offshore+Installations, MED-IAMER: https://www.msp-platform.eu/projects/med-iamer-integrated-actions-mitigate-environmental-risks-mediterranean-sea) 3. Ports (based on EMODnet vessel density 2017, which metadata is available on: https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Vessel+Density+) 4. Sand and gravel extraction (EMODnet Human Activities: https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-results.php?dataname=Aggregate+Extraction+Points) 5. Windfarms (4C Offshore database: https://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/) All human activities layers were normalized and then summed into one raster. The temporal extent varies between the data sources.