726eb873-b581-438c-80a0-5fd530b88ae6 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2022-11-28T15:04:22.614Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 1 1 false EPSG [ARCHIVE] North Atlantic Ocean Eutrophication from Observations Reprocessing ATLANTIC_OMI_HEALTH_OceanColour_eutrophication 2021-04-27 3.4 2021-04-27 a78600a4-a280-47b5-8ddd-0dc8b5e9c9d9 '''This product has been archived''' For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''DEFINITION''' We have derived an annual eutrophication and eutrophication indicator map for the North Atlantic Ocean using satellite-derived chlorophyll concentration. Using the satellite-derived chlorophyll products distributed in the regional North Atlantic CMEMS REP Ocean Colour dataset (OC- CCI), we derived P90 and P10 daily climatologies. The time period selected for the climatology was 1998-2017. For a given pixel, P90 and P10 were defined as dynamic thresholds such as 90% of the 1998-2017 chlorophyll values for that pixel were below the P90 value, and 10% of the chlorophyll values were below the P10 value. To minimise the effect of gaps in the data in the computation of these P90 and P10 climatological values, we imposed a threshold of 25% valid data for the daily climatology. For the 20-year 1998-2017 climatology this means that, for a given pixel and day of the year, at least 5 years must contain valid data for the resulting climatological value to be considered significant. Pixels where the minimum data requirements were met were not considered in further calculations. We compared every valid daily observation over 2020 with the corresponding daily climatology on a pixel-by-pixel basis, to determine if values were above the P90 threshold, below the P10 threshold or within the [P10, P90] range. Values above the P90 threshold or below the P10 were flagged as anomalous. The number of anomalous and total valid observations were stored during this process. We then calculated the percentage of valid anomalous observations (above/below the P90/P10 thresholds) for each pixel, to create percentile anomaly maps in terms of % days per year. Finally, we derived an annual indicator map for eutrophication levels: if 25% of the valid observations for a given pixel and year were above the P90 threshold, the pixel was flagged as eutrophic. Similarly, if 25% of the observations for a given pixel were below the P10 threshold, the pixel was flagged as oligotrophic. '''CONTEXT''' Eutrophication is the process by which an excess of nutrients – mainly phosphorus and nitrogen – in a water body leads to increased growth of plant material in an aquatic body. Anthropogenic activities, such as farming, agriculture, aquaculture and industry, are the main source of nutrient input in problem areas (Jickells, 1998; Schindler, 2006; Galloway et al., 2008). Eutrophication is an issue particularly in coastal regions and areas with restricted water flow, such as lakes and rivers (Howarth and Marino, 2006; Smith, 2003). The impact of eutrophication on aquatic ecosystems is well known: nutrient availability boosts plant growth – particularly algal blooms – resulting in a decrease in water quality (Anderson et al., 2002; Howarth et al.; 2000). This can, in turn, cause death by hypoxia of aquatic organisms (Breitburg et al., 2018), ultimately driving changes in community composition (Van Meerssche et al., 2019). Eutrophication has also been linked to changes in the pH (Cai et al., 2011, Wallace et al. 2014) and depletion of inorganic carbon in the aquatic environment (Balmer and Downing, 2011). Oligotrophication is the opposite of eutrophication, where reduction in some limiting resource leads to a decrease in photosynthesis by aquatic plants, reducing the capacity of the ecosystem to sustain the higher organisms in it. Eutrophication is one of the more long-lasting water quality problems in Europe (OSPAR ICG-EUT, 2017), and is on the forefront of most European Directives on water-protection. Efforts to reduce anthropogenically-induced pollution resulted in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) in 2000. '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' Some coastal and shelf waters, especially between 30 and 400N showed active oligotrophication flags for 2020, with some scattered offshore locations within the same latitudinal belt also showing oligotrophication. Eutrophication index is positive only for a small number of coastal locations just north of 40oN, and south of 30oN. In general, the indicator map showed very few areas with active eutrophication flags for 2019 and for 2020. The Third Integrated Report on the Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area (OSPAR ICG-EUT, 2017) reported an improvement from 2008 to 2017 in eutrophication status across offshore and outer coastal waters of the Greater North Sea, with a decrease in the size of coastal problem areas in Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Norway and the United Kingdom. Note: The key findings will be updated annually in November, in line with OMI evolutions. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00195 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information Rosalia SANTOLERI OC-CNR-ROMA-IT rosalia.santoleri@cnr.it Silvia PARDO OC-PML-PLYMOUTH-UK bac@pml.ac.uk CMEMS-DU OC-CNR-ROMA-IT gsdk@isac.cnr.it Ben CALTON OC-PML-PLYMOUTH-UK cmems@pml.ac.uk MOI-OMI-SERVICE MOI-OMI-SERVICE omi.service@mercator-ocean.fr P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/IMG/ATLANTIC_OMI_HEALTH_OceanColour_eutrophication.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 satellite-observation Discipline 2017-04-25 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2009-06-12 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-safety marine-resources coastal-marine-environment Area of benefit 2009-09-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit iberian-biscay-irish-seas baltic-sea mediterranean-sea Reference Geographical Areas 2009-09-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area Level 4 Processing level 2021-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access Anderson, D.M., Glibert, P.M. & Burkholder, J.M. (2002). Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Nutrient sources, composition, and consequences. Estuaries 25, 704–726 /10.1007/BF02804901. 2019-05-08 Balmer, M.B., Downing, J.A. (2011), Carbon dioxide concentrations in eutrophic lakes: undersaturation implies atmospheric uptake, Inland Waters, 1:2, 125-132, 10.5268/IW-1.2.366. 2019-05-08 Breitburg, D., Levin, L.A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F.P., Conley, D.J., Garçon, V., Gilbert, D., Gutiérrez, D., Isensee, K. and Jacinto, G.S. (2018). Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. Science, 359 (6371), p.eaam7240. 2019-05-08 Cai, W., Hu, X., Huang, W. (2011) Acidification of subsurface coastal waters enhanced by eutrophication. Nature Geosci 4, 766–770, 10.1038/ngeo1297. 2019-05-08 Galloway, J.N., Townsend, A.R., Erisman, J.W., Bekunda, M., Cai, Z., Freney, J. R., Martinelli, L. A., Seitzinger, S. P., Sutton, M. A. (2008). Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions, Science 320, 5878, 889-892, 10.1126/science.1136674. 2019-05-08 Gohin, F., D. Van der Zande, G. Tilstone, M.A. Eleveld, A. Lefebvre, F. Andrieux-Loyer, Anouk N. Blauw, P. Bryère, D. Devreker, P. Garnesson, T.Hernández Fariñas, Y. Lamaury, L. Lampert, H. Lavigne, F. Menet-Nedelec, Pardo, S., Saulquin, B. (2019) Twenty years of satellite and in situ observations of surface chlorophyll-a from the northern Bay of Biscay to the eastern English Channel. Is the water quality improving?, Remote Sensing of Environment, 233,,111343, 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111343. 2019-05-08 Howarth, R.W., Anderson, D., Cloern, J., Elfring, C., Hopkinson, C., Lapointe, B., Malone, T., & Marcus, N., McGlathery, K., Sharpley, A., Walker, D. (2000). Nutrient pollution of coastal rivers, bays and seas. Issues in Ecology, 7. 2019-05-08 Howarth, R.W., Marino, R. (2006). Nitrogen as the limiting nutrient for eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems: Evolving views over three decades, Limnology and Oceanography, 51(1, part 2), 10.4319/lo.2006.51.1_part_2.0364. 2019-05-08 Jickells, T. D. (1998). Nutrient biogeochemistry of the coastal zone. Science 281, 217–222. doi: 10.1126/science.281.5374.217 2019-05-08 OSPAR ICG-EUT. Axe, P., Clausen, U., Leujak, W., Malcolm, S., Ruiter, H., Prins, T., Harvey, E.T. (2017). Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area. Third Integrated Report on the Eutrophication Status of the OSPAR Maritime Area. 2019-05-08 Schindler, D. W. (2006) Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnology and Oceanography, 51, 356-363. 2019-05-08 Smith, V.H. (2003). Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems a global problem. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 10, 126–139, 10.1065/espr2002.12.142. 2019-05-08 Van Meerssche, E., Pinckney, J.L. (2019) Nutrient Loading Impacts on Estuarine Phytoplankton Size and Community Composition: Community-Based Indicators of Eutrophication. Estuaries and Coasts 42, 504–512, 10.1007/s12237-018-0470-z. 2019-05-08 Wallace, R.B., Baumann, H., Grear, J.S., Aller, R.B., Gobler, C.J. (2014). Coastal ocean acidification: The other eutrophication problem, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 148, 1-13, 10.1016/j.ecss.2014.05.027. 2019-05-08 44883f1c-9113-43e6-a110-bf22abf0c770 9b90f629-1d0c-407c-b036-5c85093c4555 390cf445-f54b-45d3-8a65-795eae306130 eng oceans bounding box -46.00 13.00 20.00 66.00 1901-01-01 1901-01-01 0 0.0 display priority: 53800 observation vertical level number: 1 false Grid NetCDF-4 Classic model COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")