76a2e647-8217-4262-99f9-284fc79d69e1 Accensi Mickael IFREMER 02 98 22 49 37 Centre Bretagne - ZI de la Pointe du Diable - CS 10070 - 29280 Plouzané Brest France Mickael.Accensi@ifremer.fr pointOfContact 2025-10-31T09:41:42.807748Z ISO 19115-3 - SEXTANT 1.0 0 false ARROW 2022-12-02 publication FR-330-715-368-00032-76a2e647-8217-4262-99f9-284fc79d69e1 The ARROW (AtmospheRic infRasound by Ocean Waves) product forms a database of coherent ocean-generated noise (so-called microbaroms) acoustic power in the atmosphere. Microbarom acoustic power is estimated from the Hasselmann Integral computed by the spectral wave model WAVEWATCH-III (r) at global scale in realtime. Public acoustic data is provided with a 6-month delay. ARROW was developed as part of Marine De Carlo’s PhD thesis (2018-2021), funded by the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives and directed by Fabrice Adhuin from IFREMER, Laboratoire d’Oceanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS). In the framework of this thesis, a new theoretical description of the mechanism of infrasound generation connecting the pressure amplitude to the height and frequency wave oscillation has been proposed. Hence, the characterization of atmospheric ambient noise originating from the ocean with application to long-range acoustic propagation has been achieved. Between 0.1 and 0.6 Hz, infrasound signals recorded in the atmosphere are dominated by microbaroms. Microbaroms propagate through the atmosphere over thousands of kilometres due to low absorption and efficient ducting between the ground and the stratopause. Different theoretical models have been developed to characterize the source of microbaroms, all based on the second-order nonlinear interaction of ocean waves. These interactions are represented by a quantity called the Hasselmann integral which is the integral over all directions of the product of the energy present in waves propagating in quasi-opposite directions, at a given frequency. From these considerations, a unified microbarom source and application to radiation patterns by ocean waves has been proposed by Marine de Carlo in 2020 ( https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa015 ). This theoretical work reviews earlier models and extends previous theories to the combined effects of both finite depth ocean and source directivity. Global modelling of microbaroms and comparison with infrasound observations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) set up to monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) shows that the water depth has a negligible effect for the near-horizontally propagating acoustic waves that dominate microbarom records ( https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090163 ). Using the ARROW product, a better characterization of the coherent ambient noise allows to limit the number of false alarms, thus improving the detection capabilities of the IMS. Furthermore, comparisons between the simulated and microbarom signals globally and continuously observed provide a basis for investigation into geophysical inverse problems. Hence, one foreseen application is the assessment of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which are poorly constrained in the middle atmosphere (~10-90 km). This application would pave the way for innovative atmospheric remote sensing method intended to feed data assimilation frameworks. Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (IFREMER-LOPS) Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) Accensi Mickael IFREMER Mickael.Accensi@ifremer.fr author Le Pichon Alexis CEA Alexis.Le-Pichon@cea.fr originator IFREMER sismer@ifremer.fr publisher https://data-ww3.ifremer.fr/PROJECT/ARROW/REALTIME/preview.png GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2018-01-01 publication 2018-07-27T14:39:48 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme Thèmes Sextant 2024-09-27 publication 2024-09-27 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.sextant-theme microbaroms ocean wave interactions Hasselmann integral LOPS - Projets 2025-07-31 publication 2025-07-31 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.lops_projets ODATIS aggregation parameters and Essential Variable names 2025-07-29 publication 2025-07-29 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.NVS.OD1 Type de jeux de donnée ODATIS 2024-10-15 publication 2024-10-15 publication geonetwork.thesaurus.local.theme.type_jeux_donnee Creative Commons license to apply : Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03358388 grid utf8 oceans 2021-01-01 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03358388 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--publication-URL De Carlo 2020. Characterization of atmospheric ambiant noise originating from the ocean : global modelling of microbaroms and comparison with infrasound observations of the International Monitoring System Marine de Carlo. Characterization of atmospheric ambiant noise originating from the ocean : global modelling of microbaroms and comparison with infrasound observations of the International Monitoring System. Oceanography. Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2020. English. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03358388 ftp://ftp.ifremer.fr/ifremer/ww3/PROJECT/ARROW/REALTIME/public/FIELD_NC/best_estimate WWW:DOWNLOAD NetCDF files by ftp NetCDF files by ftp /home/datawork-WW3/PROJECT/ARROW/REALTIME/public/FIELD_NC/best_estimate NETWORK:LINK https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa015 WWW:LINK M De Carlo, F Ardhuin, A Le Pichon, Atmospheric infrasound generation by ocean waves in finite depth: unified theory and application to radiation patterns, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 221, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 569–585, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa015 M De Carlo, F Ardhuin, A Le Pichon, Atmospheric infrasound generation by ocean waves in finite depth: unified theory and application to radiation patterns, Geophysical Journal International, Volume 221, Issue 1, April 2020, Pages 569–585, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa015 https://data-ww3.ifremer.fr/PROJECT/ARROW/REALTIME/public/PNG/best_estimate/ WWW:DOWNLOAD Quicklook Quicklook https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00885/99652/ WWW:LINK Product User Manual Product User Manual https://tds0.ifremer.fr/thredds/wms/LPO-GLOBAL-ARROW_TIME_SERIE? OGC:WMS p2 power_spectral_density_of_equivalent_surface_pressure https://data-ww3.ifremer.fr/PROJECT/ARROW/REALTIME/public/FIELD_NC/best_estimate/ WWW:DOWNLOAD NetCDF files by https NetCDF files by https https://doi.org/10.12770/76a2e647-8217-4262-99f9-284fc79d69e1 DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI) The Product User Manual is available online ( https://doi.org/10.13155/99652 ) About the products : - The microseism source term at the sea surface contains the equivalent surface pressure output of WW3, in Pa^2.m^2.s, which is proportional to the Hasselmann integral. For more information and data access, see GLOBMULTI_ERA5_GLOBCUR_01 dataset ( https://doi.org/10.12770/857a3337-f59a-481a-bf98-5561e8b61e7b ) - The acoustic sources refers to the acoustic flux emitted in all vertical and azimuth directions over a square meter at z=0 in W⋅m-2 ⋅Hz-1, with only the propagative part of the flux considered. These sources are obtained by multiplying the Hasselmann integral by a parameter, the acoustic transformation coefficient, that depends on the frequency, the depth and the elevation angles considered for the propagation and that is integrated over the elevation angles. - The acoustic power flow in the atmosphere, so called ARROW product, is publicly provided with a 6-month delay. The restricted database is updated twice a day at 12UTC and 00UTC over the past two days. Documentation, references and data access are provided on this page.