871c86ff-f5aa-4332-9eed-39212be43973 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2025-10-27T09:48:01.958048Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 false N/A EPSG European Seas Mean Sea Level time series and trend from Observations Reprocessing OMI_CLIMATE_SL_EUROPE_area_averaged_anomalies 2023-11-30 3.4 2025-06-25 a78600a4-a280-47b5-8ddd-0dc8b5e9c9d9 '''DEFINITION''' The sea level ocean monitoring indicator has been presented in the Copernicus Ocean State Report #8. The ocean monitoring indicator on mean sea level is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2024 version, “my” (multi-year) dataset used when available) sea level anomaly maps from satellite altimetry based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. These products are distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and by the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). The time series of area averaged anomalies correspond to the area average of the maps in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas Sea weighted by the cosine of the latitude (to consider the changing area in each grid with latitude) and by the proportion of ocean in each grid (to consider the coastal areas). The time series are corrected from regional mean GIA correction (weighted GIA mean of a 27 ensemble model following Spada et Melini, 2019). The time series are adjusted for seasonal annual and semi-annual signals and low-pass filtered at 6 months. Then, the trends/accelerations are estimated on the time series using ordinary least square fit. Uncertainty is provided in a 90% confidence interval. It is calculated as the weighted mean uncertainties in the region from Prandi et al., 2021. This estimate only considers errors related to the altimeter observation system (i.e., orbit determination errors, geophysical correction errors and inter-mission bias correction errors). The presence of the interannual signal can strongly influence the trend estimation depending on the period considered (Wang et al., 2021; Cazenave et al., 2014). The uncertainty linked to this effect is not considered. ""CONTEXT "" Change in mean sea level is an essential indicator of our evolving climate, as it reflects both the thermal expansion of the ocean in response to its warming and the increase in ocean mass due to the melting of ice sheets and glaciers (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously. It is influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). The adverse effects of floods, storms and tropical cyclones, and the resulting losses and damage, have increased as a result of rising sea levels, increasing people and infrastructure vulnerability and food security risks, particularly in low-lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2022a). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022b). In this region, sea level variations are influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) (e.g. Delworth and Zeng, 2016) and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) (e.g. Chafik et al., 2019). Hermans et al., 2020 also reported the dominant influence of wind on interannual sea level variability in a large part of this area. This region encompasses the Mediterranean, IBI, North-West shelf, Black Sea and Baltic regions with different sea level dynamics detailed in the regional indicators. ""KEY FINDINGS"" Over the [1999/02/20 to 2023/12/31] period, the area-averaged sea level in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas area rises at a rate of 3.9 ± 0.8 mm/yr with an acceleration of 0.25 ± 0.06 mm/yr². This trend estimation is based on the altimeter measurements corrected from regional GIA correction (Spada et Melini, 2019) to consider the ongoing movement of land. The TOPEX-A is no longer included in the computation of regional mean sea level parameters (trend and acceleration) with version 2024 products due to potential drifts, and ongoing work aims to develop a new empirical correction. Calculation begins in February 1999 (the start of the TOPEX-B period). '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00335 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_CLIMATE_SL_EUROPE_area_averaged_anomalies.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2018-07-27T14:39:48 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.httpinspireeceuropaeutheme-theme satellite-observation Discipline 2024-06-18 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline sea_surface_height_above_sea_level Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables Temporal scale 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-resources weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting coastal-marine-environment marine-safety Area of benefit 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit baltic-sea Reference Geographical Areas 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2024-07-26 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 0200e776-934e-49d2-be79-baa127fdfcdc 5a758c21-1163-42f0-91c2-1919612f17d5 Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B., and Berthier, E.: The rate of sea-level rise, Nat. Clim. Change, 4, 358–361, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2159, 2014. 2019-05-08 Chafik, L., Nilsen, J. E. Ø., Dangendorf, S., Reverdin, G., and Frederikse, T.: North Atlantic Ocean Circulation and Decadal Sea Level Change During the Altimetry Era, Sci. Rep., 9, 1041, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37603-6, 2019. 2019-05-08 Delworth, T. L. and Zeng, F.: The Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Climate through Its Influence on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, J. Clim., 29, 941–962, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0396.1, 2016. 2019-05-08 Hermans, T. H. J., Le Bars, D., Katsman, C. A., Camargo, C. M. L., Gerkema, T., Calafat, F. M., Tinker, J., and Slangen, A. B. A.: Drivers of Interannual Sea Level Variability on the Northwestern European Shelf, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 125, e2020JC016325, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016325, 2020. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)], 2022a. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)], , https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926.001, 2022b. 2019-05-08 IPCC WGI: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021. 2019-05-08 Prandi, P., Meyssignac, B., Ablain, M., Spada, G., Ribes, A., and Benveniste, J.: Local sea level trends, accelerations and uncertainties over 1993–2019, Sci. Data, 8, 1, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00786-7, 2021. 2019-05-08 Spada, G. and Melini, D.: SELEN4 (SELEN version 4.0): a Fortran program for solving the gravitationally and topographically self-consistent sea-level equation in glacial isostatic adjustment modeling, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 5055–5075, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-5055-2019, 2019. 2019-05-08 Von Schuckmann et al., “The State of the Global Ocean, Issue 8. 2019-05-08 Wang, J., Church, J. A., Zhang, X., and Chen, X.: Reconciling global mean and regional sea level change in projections and observations, Nat. Commun., 12, 990, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21265-6, 2021. 2019-05-08 bbe32fba-af34-431e-b9c1-228e29df261c eng oceans bounding box -20.00 45.00 30.00 60.00 1999-02-20 1 1 display priority: 53800 observation vertical level number: N/A temporal resolution: pluri-annual mean false timeseries NetCDF-4 http://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_CLIMATE_SL_EUROPE_area_averaged_anomalies/omi_climate_sl_europe_area_averaged_anomalies_202506/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_climate_sl_europe_area_averaged_anomalies For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")