8bbcc579-ced0-4286-9cc9-071e10cdd297 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2026-04-30T10:00:59.102274Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 0.25 0.25 false N/A EPSG Global Ocean Mean Sea Level trend map from Observations Reprocessing OMI_CLIMATE_SL_GLOBAL_regional_trends 2023-11-30 3.4 2025-06-25 8bbcc579-ced0-4286-9cc9-071e10cdd297 '''DEFINITION''' The sea level ocean monitoring indicator has been presented in the Copernicus Ocean State Report #8. The sea level ocean monitoring indicator is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2024 version, “my” (multi-year) dataset used when available) sea level anomaly maps from satellite altimetry based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. The product is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). At each grid point, the trends/accelerations are estimated on the time series corrected from regional GIA correction (GIA map of a 27 ensemble model following Spada et Melini, 2019) and adjusted from annual and semi-annual signals. Regional uncertainties on the trends estimates can be found in Prandi et al., 2021. '''CONTEXT''' Change in mean sea level is an essential indicator of our evolving climate, as it reflects both the thermal expansion of the ocean in response to its warming and the increase in ocean mass due to the melting of ice sheets and glaciers(WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). According to the IPCC 6th assessment report (IPCC WGI, 2021), global mean sea level (GMSL) increased by 0.20 [0.15 to 0.25] m over the period 1901 to 2018 with a rate of rise that has accelerated since the 1960s to 3.7 [3.2 to 4.2] mm/yr for the period 2006–2018. Human activity was very likely the main driver of observed GMSL rise since 1970 (IPCC WGII, 2021). The weight of the different contributions evolves with time and in the recent decades the mass change has increased, contributing to the on-going acceleration of the GMSL trend (IPCC, 2022a; Legeais et al., 2020; Horwath et al., 2022). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously, and regional sea level change is also influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). The adverse effects of floods, storms and tropical cyclones, and the resulting losses and damage, have increased as a result of rising sea levels, increasing people and infrastructure vulnerability and food security risks, particularly in low-lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2019, 2022b). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022c). '''KEY FINDINGS''' The altimeter sea level trends over the [1999/02/20 to 2025/10/18] period exhibit large-scale variations with trends up to +10 mm/yr in regions such as the western tropical Pacific Ocean. In this area, trends are mainly of thermosteric origin (Legeais et al., 2018; Meyssignac et al., 2017) in response to increased easterly winds during the last two decades associated with the decreasing Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (e.g., McGregor et al., 2012; Merrifield et al., 2012; Palanisamy et al., 2015; Rietbroek et al., 2016). Prandi et al. (2021) have estimated a regional altimeter sea level error budget from which they determine a regional error variance-covariance matrix and they provide uncertainties of the regional sea level trends. Over 1993-2019, the averaged local sea level trend uncertainty is around 0.83 mm/yr with local values ranging from 0.78 to 1.22 mm/yr. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00238 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://documentation.marine.copernicus.eu/IMG/OMI_CLIMATE_SL_GLOBAL_regional_trends.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 satellite-observation Discipline 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline tendency_of_sea_surface_height_above_sea_level Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale marine-resources coastal-marine-environment marine-safety weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting Area of benefit 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit global-ocean Reference Geographical Areas 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2025-12-09 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 90d29bd4-bed9-4670-bfb4-0560bc4f72f9 Horwath, M., Gutknecht, B. D., Cazenave, A., Palanisamy, H. K., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Paul, F., Le Bris, R., Hogg, A. E., Otosaka, I., Shepherd, A., Döll, P., Cáceres, D., Müller Schmied, H., Johannessen, J. A., Nilsen, J. E. Ø., Raj, R. P., Forsberg, R., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Barletta, V. R., Simonsen, S. B., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O. B., Ranndal, H., Rose, S. K., Merchant, C. J., Macintosh, C. R., von Schuckmann, K., Novotny, K., Groh, A., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.: Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press., 2019. 2019-05-08 IPCC: AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2022, 2022a. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)], , https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926.001, 2022c. 2019-05-08 IPCC WGI: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021. 2019-05-08 IPCC WGII: Climate Change 2021: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability; Summary for Policemakers. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021. 2019-05-08 Legeais, J. F., von Schuckmann, K., Melet, A., Storto, A., and Meyssignac, B.: Sea Level, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11, s13–s16, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018. 2019-05-08 McGregor, S., Gupta, A. S., and England, M. H.: Constraining Wind Stress Products with Sea Surface Height Observations and Implications for Pacific Ocean Sea Level Trend Attribution, Journal of Climate, 25, 8164–8176, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00105.1, 2012. 2019-05-08 Merrifield, M. A., Thompson, P. R., and Lander, M.: Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific, Geophysical Research Letters, 39, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052032, 2012. 2019-05-08 Meyssignac, B., Piecuch, C. G., Merchant, C. J., Racault, M.-F., Palanisamy, H., MacIntosh, C., Sathyendranath, S., and Brewin, R.: Causes of the Regional Variability in Observed Sea Level, Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Colour Over the Period 1993–2011, in: Integrative Study of the Mean Sea Level and Its Components, edited by: Cazenave, A., Champollion, N., Paul, F., and Benveniste, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 191–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56490-6_9, 2017. 2019-05-08 Palanisamy, H., Cazenave, A., Delcroix, T., and Meyssignac, B.: Spatial trend patterns in the Pacific Ocean sea level during the altimetry era: the contribution of thermocline depth change and internal climate variability, Ocean Dynamics, 65, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0805-7, 2015. 2019-05-08 Prandi, P., Meyssignac, B., Ablain, M., Spada, G., Ribes, A., and Benveniste, J.: Local sea level trends, accelerations and uncertainties over 1993–2019, Sci Data, 8, 1, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00786-7, 2021. 2019-05-08 Rietbroek, R., Brunnabend, S.-E., Kusche, J., Schröter, J., and Dahle, C.: Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113, 1504–1509, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519132113, 2016. 2019-05-08 Spada, Giorgio, and Daniele Melini. “SELEN<Sup>4</Sup> (SELEN Version 4.0): A Fortran Program for Solving the Gravitationally and Topographically Self-Consistent Sea-Level Equation in Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Modeling.” Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 12 (December 4, 2019): 5055–75. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-5055-2019. 2019-05-08 48cff25a-1e64-49d9-9dee-ab64a6476bbc 8aecafc5-273a-44d1-8d29-ab2fde271449 eng oceans bounding box -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 yearly-mean 1999-02-20 0 0.0 display priority: 50605 observation temporal resolution: pluri-annual mean vertical level number: 0 false Grid NetCDF-4 http://stac.marine.copernicus.eu/metadata/OMI_CLIMATE_SL_GLOBAL_regional_trends/omi_climate_sl_global_regional_trends_202506/dataset.stac.json WWW:STAC omi_climate_sl_global_regional_trends For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint https://wmts.marine.copernicus.eu/teroWmts/OMI_CLIMATE_SL_GLOBAL_regional_trends/omi_climate_sl_global_regional_trends_202506 OGC:WMTS omi_climate_sl_global_regional_trends COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")