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                        <gco:CharacterString>Surf_SAR_MED_FR_2018</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Swept Area Ratio - Méditerranée - 2018</gco:CharacterString>
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                        <gmd:URL>https://sextant.ifremer.fr/services/wms/pressions_impacts</gmd:URL>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
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                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">https://sextant.ifremer.fr/services/wms/pressions_impacts</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Surf_SAR_MED_FR_2019</gco:CharacterString>
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                     <gmd:description xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Swept Area Ratio - Méditerranée - 2019</gco:CharacterString>
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                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">Swept Area Ratio - Méditerranée - 2019</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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               </gmd:onLine>
               <gmd:onLine>
                  <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>
                     <gmd:linkage xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gmd:URL>https://sextant.ifremer.fr/services/wms/pressions_impacts</gmd:URL>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">https://sextant.ifremer.fr/services/wms/pressions_impacts</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                        <gco:CharacterString>Surf_SAR_MED_FR_2020</gco:CharacterString>
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                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">Surf_SAR_MED_FR_2020</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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  <gmd:dataQualityInfo>
      <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>
         <gmd:scope>
            <gmd:DQ_Scope>
               <gmd:level>
                  <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19115/resources/Codelists/cat/codelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode"
                                    codeListValue="dataset"/>
               </gmd:level>
            </gmd:DQ_Scope>
         </gmd:scope>
         <gmd:report>
            <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
               <gmd:evaluationProcedure/>
               <gmd:dateTime/>
               <gmd:result>
                  <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
                     <gmd:specification>
                        <gmd:CI_Citation>
                           <gmd:title xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                              <gco:CharacterString>RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 1089/2010 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 novembre 2010 portant modalités d'application de la directive 2007/2/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'interopérabilité des séries et des services de données géographiques</gco:CharacterString>
                              <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                                 <gmd:textGroup>
                                    <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 1089/2010 DE LA COMMISSION du 23 novembre 2010 portant modalités d'application de la directive 2007/2/CE du Parlement européen et du Conseil en ce qui concerne l'interopérabilité des séries et des services de données géographiques</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                                 </gmd:textGroup>
                              </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           </gmd:title>
                           <gmd:date>
                              <gmd:CI_Date>
                                 <gmd:date>
                                    <gco:Date>2010-12-08</gco:Date>
                                 </gmd:date>
                                 <gmd:dateType>
                                    <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="http://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode"
                                                         codeListValue="publication">publication</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>
                                 </gmd:dateType>
                              </gmd:CI_Date>
                           </gmd:date>
                        </gmd:CI_Citation>
                     </gmd:specification>
                     <gmd:explanation xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>See the referenced specification</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">See the referenced specification</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                        </gmd:PT_FreeText>
                     </gmd:explanation>
                     <gmd:pass gco:nilReason="unknown"/>
                  </gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>
               </gmd:result>
            </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>
         </gmd:report>
         <gmd:lineage>
            <gmd:LI_Lineage>
               <gmd:statement xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                  <gco:CharacterString>L’approche utilisée ici tente de se rapprocher de celle décrite par Eigaard et al. (2016-2017). Elle est basée sur des données VMS déjà agrégées sur une maille de 1'x1'.</gco:CharacterString>
               </gmd:statement>
               <gmd:processStep>
                  <gmd:LI_ProcessStep>
                     <gmd:description xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>Les données utilisées avaient préalablement été traitées par la procédure AlgoPesca du Système d’Information Halieutique d’Ifremer pour ne retenir que les positions correspondantes à des opérations de pêche (vitesse non-nulle ≤4 nds, à l’écart des retours vers les ports de débarquement). Elles étaient exprimées en nombre d’heure de pêche et étaient agrégées sur une maille de 1’ x 1’, par pavillon, par mois, par catégorie de longueur de navire et par engin utilisé (correspondant aux déclarations ou à défaut, à l’engin principal déclaré dans le fichier FPC).</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">Les données utilisées avaient préalablement été traitées par la procédure AlgoPesca du Système d’Information Halieutique d’Ifremer pour ne retenir que les positions correspondantes à des opérations de pêche (vitesse non-nulle ≤4 nds, à l’écart des retours vers les ports de débarquement). Elles étaient exprimées en nombre d’heure de pêche et étaient agrégées sur une maille de 1’ x 1’, par pavillon, par mois, par catégorie de longueur de navire et par engin utilisé (correspondant aux déclarations ou à défaut, à l’engin principal déclaré dans le fichier FPC).</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#EN">The raw data used were produced by Ifremer’s SIH (Système d’Information Halieutique) AlgoPesca procedure in order to keep only positions corresponding to fishing operations (non-null speed &lt;= 4 kts, away from return harbour routes). Data was expressed in number of fishing hours and aggregated in 1’x1’ grid by flag, month, size class of vessel and gear type (corresponding to landing declarations or main fishing gear recorded in the Community Fishing Fleet Register.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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                     <gmd:rationale gco:nilReason="missing" xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString/>
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               <gmd:processStep>
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                     <gmd:description xsi:type="lan:PT_FreeText_PropertyType">
                        <gco:CharacterString>L’abrasion étant dépendante de la vitesse du bateau et du type d’engin utilisé, des valeurs différentes de vitesse ou d’ouverture entre les panneaux ont été attribuées en fonction de la longueur du bateau et du pavillon à l’aide de la bibliographie, de la réglementation et du dire d’expert (fabriquants locaux de chalut et de drague, patrons de chalutier et représentants d’OP). Ainsi pour les dragueurs (français ; ≤ 15 m), la vitesse a été fixée à 3 nds et l’ouverture à 4 m avant 2013 (inclus) et 3 m après (JORF 2013; https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2013/4/12/TRAM1309072A/jo/texte/fr). La vitesse des bateaux italiens a également été fixée à 3 nds et l’ouverture entre les panneaux a été calculée comme proposé par Eigaard et al. (2016). Ainsi, les chalutiers italiens ont une ouverture entre les panneaux qui varient entre 77 m et 50 m en fonction de la longueur des navires : 
-	≥ 24 m : 77 m 
-	]18-24] : 72 m 
-	]15-18] : 58 m 
-	]12-15] : 50 m
Pour l’ensemble des bateaux français et espagnols inférieurs à 24m la vitesse a été fixée à 3.5 nds et pour ceux supérieurs ou égal à 24m la vitesse est de 4 nds. 
En ce qui concerne l’ouverture entre les panneaux, elle a été fixée à 100m pour les bateaux espagnols quelle que soit leur taille. Pour les chaluts jumeaux français, ceux de plus de 24 m ont une ouverture de 110 m et pour ceux compris entre 18 et 24 m l’ouverture est de 95 m. Pour les chaluts à panneaux simples français, l’ouverture entre les panneaux varient entre 100 et 55 m en fonction de la longueur du navire : 
-	≥ 24 m : 100 m 
-	]18-24] : 75 m 
-	]15-18] : 55 m 
-	≤ 15 m : 55 m 

La distance parcourue par chaque catégorie de navire à l’intérieur d’une cellule de 1' x 1' a ensuite été déterminée en multipliant la vitesse du navire et le nombre d’heure passé dans la cellule. Puis la surface balayée a été calculé pour chaque cellule en multipliant la distance parcourue par l’ouverture entre les panneaux (ou la largeur de la drague) du navire. Le ratio entre la surface balayée par cellule et la surface de la cellule permet d’obtenir l’abrasion causé par chaque pavillon/taille navire/engin dans chaque cellule par mois (Eigaard et al. 2016, 2017). Ces abrasions sont ensuite sommées par cellule et par année permettant d’avoir une valeur d’abrasion annuelle pour chacune des cellules. Le percentile 90 inter-annuel a ensuite été calculé pour chaque cellule permettant d’avoir une représentation cartographique des valeurs maximales d’abrasion supportée dans la zone d’étude sur une durée de 10 ans, tout en s’affranchissant des valeurs extrêmes ou aberrantes.</gco:CharacterString>
                        <gmd:PT_FreeText>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#FR">L’abrasion étant dépendante de la vitesse du bateau et du type d’engin utilisé, des valeurs différentes de vitesse ou d’ouverture entre les panneaux ont été attribuées en fonction de la longueur du bateau et du pavillon à l’aide de la bibliographie, de la réglementation et du dire d’expert (fabriquants locaux de chalut et de drague, patrons de chalutier et représentants d’OP). Ainsi pour les dragueurs (français ; ≤ 15 m), la vitesse a été fixée à 3 nds et l’ouverture à 4 m avant 2013 (inclus) et 3 m après (JORF 2013; https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2013/4/12/TRAM1309072A/jo/texte/fr). La vitesse des bateaux italiens a également été fixée à 3 nds et l’ouverture entre les panneaux a été calculée comme proposé par Eigaard et al. (2016). Ainsi, les chalutiers italiens ont une ouverture entre les panneaux qui varient entre 77 m et 50 m en fonction de la longueur des navires : 
-	≥ 24 m : 77 m 
-	]18-24] : 72 m 
-	]15-18] : 58 m 
-	]12-15] : 50 m
Pour l’ensemble des bateaux français et espagnols inférieurs à 24m la vitesse a été fixée à 3.5 nds et pour ceux supérieurs ou égal à 24m la vitesse est de 4 nds. 
En ce qui concerne l’ouverture entre les panneaux, elle a été fixée à 100m pour les bateaux espagnols quelle que soit leur taille. Pour les chaluts jumeaux français, ceux de plus de 24 m ont une ouverture de 110 m et pour ceux compris entre 18 et 24 m l’ouverture est de 95 m. Pour les chaluts à panneaux simples français, l’ouverture entre les panneaux varient entre 100 et 55 m en fonction de la longueur du navire : 
-	≥ 24 m : 100 m 
-	]18-24] : 75 m 
-	]15-18] : 55 m 
-	≤ 15 m : 55 m 

La distance parcourue par chaque catégorie de navire à l’intérieur d’une cellule de 1' x 1' a ensuite été déterminée en multipliant la vitesse du navire et le nombre d’heure passé dans la cellule. Puis la surface balayée a été calculé pour chaque cellule en multipliant la distance parcourue par l’ouverture entre les panneaux (ou la largeur de la drague) du navire. Le ratio entre la surface balayée par cellule et la surface de la cellule permet d’obtenir l’abrasion causé par chaque pavillon/taille navire/engin dans chaque cellule par mois (Eigaard et al. 2016, 2017). Ces abrasions sont ensuite sommées par cellule et par année permettant d’avoir une valeur d’abrasion annuelle pour chacune des cellules. Le percentile 90 inter-annuel a ensuite été calculé pour chaque cellule permettant d’avoir une représentation cartographique des valeurs maximales d’abrasion supportée dans la zone d’étude sur une durée de 10 ans, tout en s’affranchissant des valeurs extrêmes ou aberrantes.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
                           </gmd:textGroup>
                           <gmd:textGroup>
                              <gmd:LocalisedCharacterString locale="#EN">Abrasion depending on both vessel speed and type of gear used, different values of speed or horizontal trawl opening were attributed according to vessel’s length and flag thanks to bibliography, law regulations and experts’ knowledge (local trawl manufacturers, trawl owners and captains and fishery organization representatives). In the case of dredges (French ; ≤ 15m) speed was set at 3kt and opening to 4m before 2013 (included) and 3m after (JORF 2013; https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/arrete/2013/4/12/TRAM1309072A/jo/texte/fr).  Speed of Italian vessels was also set at 3 kts and the horizontal trawl opening was estimated following Eigaard et al. (2016). Thus, Italian trawling had a horizontal trawl opening range between 77 m and 50 m depending on vessels’ length : 
-	 ≥ 24 m : 77 m 
-	]18-24] : 72 m 
-	]15-18] : 58 m 
-	]12-15] : 50 m

For all French and Spanish vessels &lt; 24m, speed was set at 3.5 kt and at 4 kt for vessels equal or larger than 24m.
Horizontal trawl opening for Spanish vessels was fixed to 100m regardless their length. French twin-rig otter trawls used on vessel large or equal to 24 m were set vith a horizontal trawl opening of 110 m and vessels between 18 and 24m had a 95m opening. Other French bottom otter trawls opening range between 100 and 55 m depending on the vessel length : 
-	≥ 24 m : 100 m 
-	]18-24] : 75 m 
-	]15-18] : 55 m 
-	≤ 15 m : 55 m 

Distance traveled by each vessel category inside a 1'x1' cell was determined by multiplying the speed of the ship by the number of hour spent in the cell. The area swept by each vessel was calculated for each cell by multiplying the distance traveled by the horizontal trawl opening (or dredge width). Ratio between cell‘s swept area and cell surface allows to obtain the abrasion caused by each flag/vessel length/gear type in each cell per month (Eigaard et al. 2016, 2017). These abrasions are summed by cell over each year to get an annual abrasion value for each cell. Inter-annual 90th percentile was calculated for each cell allowing to get a spatial representation of the maximum abrasion values experienced in the study area over a 10-year period, while avoiding extreme values or outliers.</gmd:LocalisedCharacterString>
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</gmd:MD_Metadata>