dffff66f-9b67-4f75-8ee9-2d4b602576a0 Copernicus Marine Service product specification CMEMS servicedesk.cmems@mercator-ocean.eu http://marine.copernicus.eu/ 2023-11-13T10:55:37.545Z ISO 19139, MyOcean profile 0.2 2 0.25 0.25 false WGS 84 (EPSG:4326) EPSG [ARCHIVE] Global Ocean Mean Sea Level trend map from Observations Reprocessing GLOBAL_OMI_SL_regional_trends 2018-02-13 3.4 2023-03-30 dffff66f-9b67-4f75-8ee9-2d4b602576a0 '''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''DEFINITION''' The sea level ocean monitoring indicator is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2021 version) altimeter gridded maps of sea level anomalies based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. The product is distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). The regional sea level trends are derived from a linear fit of the altimeter sea level maps. The altimeter data have not been corrected for the effect of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment nor the TOPEX-A instrumental drift during the period 1993-1998. The trend uncertainty is provided in a 90% confidence interval (Prandi et al., 2021). This estimate only considers errors related to the altimeter observation system (i.e., orbit determination errors, geophysical correction errors and inter-mission bias correction errors). The presence of the interannual signal can strongly influence the trend estimation considering to the altimeter period considered (Wang et al., 2021; Cazenave et al., 2014). The uncertainty linked to this effect is not taken into account. '''CONTEXT''' The indicator on sea level trend is a crucial index of climate change, and individual components contribute to sea level rise, including expansion due to ocean warming and melting of glaciers and ice sheets (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). According to the recent IPCC 6th assessment report, global mean sea level (GMSL) increased by 0.20 (0.15 to 0.25) m over the period 1901 to 2018 with a rate 25 of rise that has accelerated since the 1960s to 3.7 (3.2 to 4.2) mm yr-1 for the period 2006–2018. Human activity was very likely the main driver of observed GMSL rise since 1970 (IPCC WGII, 2021). The weight of the different contributions evolves with time and in the recent decades the mass change has increased, contributing to the on-going acceleration of the GMSL trend (IPCC, 2022a; Legeais et al., 2020; Horwath et al., 2022). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously, and regional sea level change is also influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). Rising sea level can strongly affect population and infrastructures in coastal areas, increase their vulnerability and risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states. Adverse impacts from floods, storms and tropical cyclones with related losses and damages have increased due to sea level rise, and increase their vulnerability and increase risks for food security, particularly in low lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2019, 2022b). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022c). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' The altimeter mean sea level trends over the (1993/01/01, 2021/08/02) period exhibit large-scale variations at rates reaching up to more than +10 mm/yr in regions such as the western tropical Pacific Ocean. In this area, trends are mainly of thermosteric origin (Legeais et al., 2018; Meyssignac et al., 2017) in response to increased easterly winds during the last two decades associated with the decreasing Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO)/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (e.g., McGregor et al., 2012; Merrifield et al., 2012; Palanisamy et al., 2015; Rietbroek et al., 2016). Prandi et al. (2021) have estimated a regional altimeter sea level error budget from which they determine a regional error variance-covariance matrix and they provide uncertainties of the regional sea level trends. Over 1993-2019, the averaged local sea level trend uncertainty is around 0.83 mm/yr with local values ranging from 0.78 to 1.22 mm/yr. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00238 E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information Yannice Faugère SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR managementboard-sltac@groupcls.com Françoise Mertz SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicemanager-sltac@groupcls.com SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicedesk.cmems@groupcls.com Jean-François Legeais SL-CLS-TOULOUSE-FR servicemanager-sltac@groupcls.com MOI-OMI-SERVICE MOI-OMI-SERVICE omi.service@mercator-ocean.fr P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H N/A https://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/IMG/GLOBAL_OMI_SL_regional_trends.png Oceanographic geographical features GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0 2009-09-22 satellite-observation Discipline 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.discipline.myocean.discipline tendency_of_sea_surface_height_above_sea_level Climate and Forecast Standard Names 2017-04-04 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.myocean.ocean-variables multi-year Temporal scale 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.temporal-scale.myocean.temporal-scale coastal-marine-environment weather-climate-and-seasonal-forecasting marine-resources marine-safety Area of benefit 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.area-of-benefit.myocean.area-of-benefit global-ocean Reference Geographical Areas 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.reference-geographical-area.myocean.reference-geographical-area N/A Processing level 2023-03-16 geonetwork.thesaurus.local.processing-level.myocean.processing-level Not Applicable Model assimilation 2016-02-03 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.theme.myocean.model-assimilation See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php No limitations on public access 90d29bd4-bed9-4670-bfb4-0560bc4f72f9 Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., von Schuckmann, K., Decharme, B., and Berthier, E.: The rate of sea-level rise, Nature Clim Change, 4, 358–361, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2159, 2014. 2019-05-08 Horwath, M., Gutknecht, B. D., Cazenave, A., Palanisamy, H. K., Marti, F., Marzeion, B., Paul, F., Le Bris, R., Hogg, A. E., Otosaka, I., Shepherd, A., Döll, P., Cáceres, D., Müller Schmied, H., Johannessen, J. A., Nilsen, J. E. Ø., Raj, R. P., Forsberg, R., Sandberg Sørensen, L., Barletta, V. R., Simonsen, S. B., Knudsen, P., Andersen, O. B., Ranndal, H., Rose, S. K., Merchant, C. J., Macintosh, C. R., von Schuckmann, K., Novotny, K., Groh, A., Restano, M., and Benveniste, J.: Global sea-level budget and ocean-mass budget, with a focus on advanced data products and uncertainty characterisation, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 411–447, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-411-2022, 2022. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, M. Tignor, E. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A. Okem, J. Petzold, B. Rama, N.M. Weyer (eds.)]. In press., 2019. 2019-05-08 IPCC: AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2022, 2022a. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, M. Tignor, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem (eds.)]. In: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [H.-O. Pörtner, D.C. Roberts, M. Tignor, E.S. Poloczanska, K. Mintenbeck, A. Alegría, M. Craig, S. Langsdorf, S. Löschke, V. Möller, A. Okem, B. Rama (eds.)], 2022b. 2019-05-08 IPCC: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea, R. Slade, A. Al Khourdajie, R. van Diemen, D. McCollum, M. Pathak, S. Some, P. Vyas, R. Fradera, M. Belkacemi, A. Hasija, G. Lisboa, S. Luz, J. Malley, (eds.)], , https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157926.001, 2022c. 2019-05-08 IPCC WGII: Climate Change 2021: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability; Summary for Policemakers. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021. 2019-05-08 Legeais, J. F., von Schuckmann, K., Melet, A., Storto, A., and Meyssignac, B.: Sea Level, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 11, s13–s16, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2018.1489208, 2018. 2019-05-08 Legeais, J. F., Llowel, W., Melet, A., and Meyssignac, B.: Evidence of the TOPEX-A altimeter instrumental anomaly and acceleration of the global mean sea level, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 13, s77–s82, https://doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2021.1946240, 2020. 2019-05-08 McGregor, S., Gupta, A. S., and England, M. H.: Constraining Wind Stress Products with Sea Surface Height Observations and Implications for Pacific Ocean Sea Level Trend Attribution, 25, 8164–8176, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00105.1, 2012. 2019-05-08 24399cda-5e1e-4e66-ab8d-b91f33f2ff14 4697158e-924e-40f8-9ae8-20ff47415b6f Merrifield, M. A., Thompson, P. R., and Lander, M.: Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific, 39, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052032, 2012. 2019-05-08 Meyssignac, B., Piecuch, C. G., Merchant, C. J., Racault, M.-F., Palanisamy, H., MacIntosh, C., Sathyendranath, S., and Brewin, R.: Causes of the Regional Variability in Observed Sea Level, Sea Surface Temperature and Ocean Colour Over the Period 1993–2011, in: Integrative Study of the Mean Sea Level and Its Components, edited by: Cazenave, A., Champollion, N., Paul, F., and Benveniste, J., Springer International Publishing, Cham, 191–219, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56490-6_9, 2017. 2019-05-08 Palanisamy, H., Cazenave, A., Delcroix, T., and Meyssignac, B.: Spatial trend patterns in the Pacific Ocean sea level during the altimetry era: the contribution of thermocline depth change and internal climate variability, Ocean Dynamics, 65, 341–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0805-7, 2015. 2019-05-08 Prandi, P., Meyssignac, B., Ablain, M., Spada, G., Ribes, A., and Benveniste, J.: Local sea level trends, accelerations and uncertainties over 1993–2019, Sci Data, 8, 1, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00786-7, 2021. 2019-05-08 Rietbroek, R., Brunnabend, S.-E., Kusche, J., Schröter, J., and Dahle, C.: Revisiting the contemporary sea-level budget on global and regional scales, 113, 1504–1509, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1519132113, 2016. 2019-05-08 Wang, J., Church, J. A., Zhang, X., and Chen, X.: Reconciling global mean and regional sea level change in projections and observations, Nat Commun, 12, 990, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21265-6, 2021. 2019-05-08 WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group: Global sea-level budget 1993–present, 10, 1551–1590, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018, 2018. 2019-05-08 eng oceans bounding box -180.00 180.00 -90.00 90.00 yearly-mean 1993-01-01 0 0.0 display priority: 50605 observation temporal resolution: pluri-annual mean vertical level number: 0 false Grid NetCDF-4 COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1089/2010 of 23 November 2010 implementing Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards interoperability of spatial data sets and services 2010-12-08 See the referenced specification The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")