seanoe:102877 data@seanoe.org 2026-03-12 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 TOEddies Global Mesoscale Eddy Atlas Colocated with Argo Float Profiles 2024-10 2026-03-12 Laxenaire Rémi, Guez Lionel, Chaigneau Alexis, Isic Mevludin, Ioannou Artemis, Speich Sabrina (2024). TOEddies Global Mesoscale Eddy Atlas Colocated with Argo Float Profiles. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/102877 This dataset contains mesoscale eddies from the Ocean Eddy Detection and Tracking Algorithms (TOEddies) Atlas colocated with Argo profiling floats. Applied to daily gridded maps of satellite Absolute Dynamic Topography, TOEddies provides information on eddy dynamical characteristics (e.g., size and intensity) over a 30+ year period (1993–2023) and identifies complex eddy-eddy interactions that lead to eddy splitting and merging. Furthermore, these eddies are combined with 23 years of Argo profile co-located measurements (2000–2023), enabling investigation into the signature of eddies and their impact in the ocean interior. This dataset contains eddies detected across the entire geographical area covered by altimetric maps. Special caution is advised for studies focusing on eddies near the equator, where geostrophic balance breaks down, and at high latitudes, where the small Rossby radius limits detection capabilities in 1/4° altimetric fields. TOEddies, based on the method proposed and developed by Chaigneau et al. (2008, 2011) and Pegliasco et al. (2018), was first presented in Laxenaire et al. (2018) when applied to the South Atlantic Ocean. To date, approximately 20 peer-reviewed publications have employed the TOEddies algorithm (see Ioannou et al., Preprint 2024 for a recent list of some of them). Notably, mesoscale eddies from TOEddies, following Chaigneau et al. (2011), have been colocated with Argo floats, facilitating, for example, the identification of the transition from surface to subsurface intensified eddies (Laxenaire et al., 2019), the estimation of heat transport by eddies (Laxenaire et al., 2020), and the study of the impact of mesoscale eddies on Deep Chlorophyll Maxima with BGC Argo floats (Cornec et al., 2021). The V1 version of this dataset is described in detail in the appendix of Ioannou et al. (Preprint 2024) and compared to other eddy detection datasets in the core text of Ioannou et al. (Preprint 2024). Input Fields => Satellite Altimetry: Daily all-satellite sea surface height fields produced by Copernicus Marine Service (https://marine.copernicus.eu/fr). This multi-satellite product integrates data from all available satellites at a given time and is projected onto a fixed grid with a resolution of 0.25°, covering the global ocean (version: cmems_obs-sl_glo_phy-ssh_my_allsat-l4-duacs-0.25deg_P1D, DOI:10.48670/moi-00148). Argo Floats: Argo float profile data and positions were retrieved from the Ifremer FTP (Argo, 2024; DOI:10.17882/42182). See Detection eddies repository for technical guidance on this dataset. The production of this dataset was supported by the TRIATLAS project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 817578, with additional support from CNES (the French National Center for Space Studies) through the TOEddies and EUREC4A-OA proposals. Laxenaire Rémi Laboratoire de l’Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy, UMR 8105 CNRS, Université de la Réunion, Météo-France), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Guez Lionel Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, Paris, France Chaigneau Alexis Université de Toulouse, LEGOS (CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3), Toulouse, France Isic Mevludin Ioannou Artemis Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, Paris, France Speich Sabrina Ecole Normale Supérieure, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, LMD-IPSL, Paris, France Ecole Normale Supérieure ENS-PSL, Paris, France SEANOE https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/illustration.gif Top : Snapshots along the temporal evolution of anticyclone A0 (panels a-f) propagating westward in the Southern Ocean. The background colors correspond to the ADT (m) fields while the gray arrows correspond to surface geostrophic velocities. The characteristic and outer contours as detected by TOEddies are shown in the blue solid and black dashed lines. The Argo trapped in the eddies are shown with the magenta diamond points. Bottom : Illustration of TOEddies' capacity to reveal the subsurface temporal evolution of a mesoscale eddy sampled by Argo floats along their journey: example of an Agulhas Ring (panel g) sampled multiple times while crossing the South Atlantic. mesoscale eddies remote sensing satellite altimetry Argo profiles eddy tracking methods subsurface oceanic signal eddy-eddy interactions merging-splitting events coherent eddies eddy networks Physical oceanography H2020 TRIATLAS (Agreement: 817578) Physical oceanography SeaDataNet Parameter Disciplines 2025-07-29 geonetwork.thesaurus.external.parameter.NVS.P08 CC-BY-NC (Creative Commons - Attribution, No commercial usage) Spatiotemporal scales of mode water transformation in the Sea of Oman 2026 Copernicus GmbH Font Estel Portela Esther Swart Sebastiaan Pinto-Juica Mauro Queste Bastien Y. 10.5194/os-22-387-2026 Spatiotemporal scales of mode water transformation in the Sea of Oman 2026 European Geosciences Union (EGU) Font Estel Portela Rodriguez Esther Swart Sebastiaan Pinto-Juica Mauro Queste Bastien Y. 10.5194/egusphere-2025-3782 Intense and localized export of selected marine snow types at eddy edges in the South Atlantic Ocean 2025 Copernicus GmbH Accardo Alexandre Laxenaire Rémi Baudena Alberto Speich Sabrina Kiko Rainer Stemmann Lars 10.5194/bg-22-1183-2025 Spatiotemporal scales of mode water transformation in the Sea of Oman 2025 Copernicus GmbH Font Estel Portela Esther Swart Sebastiaan Pinto-Juica Mauro Queste Bastien Y. 10.5194/egusphere-2025-3782 Global Assessment of Mesoscale Eddies with TOEddies; Comparison between Multi-Datasets and Colocation with In-Situ Measurements 2024 MDPI AG Ioannou Artemis Guez Lionel Laxenaire Remi Speich Sabrina 10.20944/preprints202410.0651.v1 Impact of Mesoscale Eddies on Deep Chlorophyll Maxima 2021 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Cornec Marin Laxenaire Rémi Speich Sabrina Claustre Hervé 10.1029/2021gl093470 Agulhas Ring Heat Content and Transport in the South Atlantic Estimated by Combining Satellite Altimetry and Argo Profiling Floats Data 2020 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Laxenaire R. Speich S. Stegner A. 10.1029/2019JC015511 Evolution of the Thermohaline Structure of One Agulhas Ring Reconstructed from Satellite Altimetry and Argo Floats 2019 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Laxenaire R. Speich S. Stegner A. 10.1029/2018JC014426 Anticyclonic eddies connecting the western boundaries of Indian and Atlantic oceans 2018 Amer Geophysical Union LAXENAIRE R. SPEICH S. BLANKE BRUNO CHAIGNEAU A. PEGLIASCO C. STEGNER A. 10.1029/2018JC014270 Main eddy vertical structures observed in the four major Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems 2015 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Pegliasco Cori Chaigneau Alexis Morrow Rosemary 10.1002/2015jc010950 Vertical structure of mesoscale eddies in the eastern South Pacific Ocean: A composite analysis from altimetry and Argo profiling floats 2011 American Geophysical Union (AGU) Chaigneau Alexis Le Texier Marie Eldin Gérard Grados Carmen Pizarro Oscar 10.1029/2011JC007134 Eddy activity in the four major upwelling systems from satellite altimetry (1992–2007) 2009 Elsevier BV Chaigneau Alexis Eldin Gérard Dewitte Boris 10.1016/j.pocean.2009.07.012 Mesoscale eddies off Peru in altimeter records: Identification algorithms and eddy spatio-temporal patterns 2008 Elsevier BV Chaigneau Alexis Gizolme Arnaud Grados Carmen 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.10.013 10.5194/egusphere-2025-586 10.1175/JPO-D-24-0241.1 Argo float data and metadata from Global Data Assembly Centre (Argo GDAC) 2025 SEANOE Argo 10.17882/42182 BGC-Argo float Deep Chlorophyll Maximum data combined with mesoscale eddies detection from TOEddies algorithm 2020 SEANOE Cornec Marin Laxenaire Rémi Speich Sabrina Claustre Hervé 10.17882/76733 oceans -180.0 180.0 -90.0 90.0 1993-01-01 2023-05-31 SHAPEFILES GRAPH-TOOL (HTTPS://GRAPH-TOOL.SKEWED.DE) TEXTE CSV https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114318.tar WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Position of extrema, outermost contours, and maximum speed contours for instantaneous eddies, globally, from January 1st, 1993 to May 31st, 2023 - 57 GB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114319.gt WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Abstract graph of segments for anticyclones - 221 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114321.gt WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Abstract graph of segments for cyclones - 236 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114322.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of instantaneous eddies, for anticyclones - 303 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114323.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of instantaneous eddies, for cyclones - 323 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114324.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of segments, for anticyclones - 26 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114325.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of segments, for cyclones - 27 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114326.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of vertex indices in the graph, for anticyclones - 22 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114327.json WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Processed data Trajectories as lists of vertex indices in the graph, for cyclones - 23 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114328.csv WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Quality controlled data Argo profiles information and colocation with the closest anticyclonic eddy - 533 MB https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/data/114329.csv WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-link--download Quality controlled data Argo profiles information and colocation with the closest cyclonic eddy - 540 MB https://gitlab.in2p3.fr/ipsl/lmd/dpao/Detection_eddies WWW:LINK Detection eddies repository https://doi.org/10.17882/102877 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--metadata-URL DOI of the product https://www.seanoe.org/data/00917/102877/ rel-canonical Seanoe