Numerical simulations applied on the study sites

During the ABIOP project launch meeting, the consortium agreed to add a task to the project aimed at identifying the challenges of biocolonisation in an ORE context. This additional work is indeed necessary because it allows the organisation, updating and presentation of the reflections undertaken by biofouling experts from various industrial and research entities and federated by FEM, for several years on this topic.

The objectives of the ABIOP+ project were to : • Provide characterisation protocols for biofouling on cable and mooring lines materials which are very vulnerable to this biological process, in order to collect quantitative in-situ data. • Inventory existing fouling management methods and test the solutions best suited for floating offshore wind turbines.

Review to identify the state of knowledge on anodes and their environmental impact. Report serving as a basis for further work (deliverables 3 and 4)

Synthesis of existing data for the modeling work to follow (modeling in the deliverables of lot 3)

Excel database containing the information collected for the atlas (45 sources for the French maritime façades + 24 on a global scale) and shapefiles for the cartographic representation of the available data

Backup of the data used for characterising the different biofouling monitoring protocols in an excel file.

Report on the assessment of the chemical risk of aluminum-based galvanic anodes on the environment

The objective of the ANODE project was to quantify the chemical compounds emitted by the galvanic anodes of ORE structures and the risk associated with their dispersion in the marine environment. By combining ecotoxicological expertise and hydrodynamic modelling, the ANODE project has determined that there is no risk associated with most of the elements making up galvanic anodes, namely zinc, iron, copper and cadmium. On the other hand, concerning aluminium, additional experiments are necessary to conclude. The two currently available Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNECs) do not seem suitable for this assessment. These thresholds must therefore be refined and include data from in situ measurements in order to be able to estimate the possible risk associated with aluminium releases.

The macrofouling qualification and quantification protocols were extracted from 64 public documents (33 scientific articles, 1 book chapter, 22 internal reports, 4 internship reports and 4 theses) presenting studies conducted in France (n = 40), Europe (n = 16) and the world (n = 8).