L’objectif général de ce projet de thèse est d’analyser et d’évaluer les données sources (actuelles et potentielles) des matrices de changements d’occupation du sol afin d’améliorer la robustesse de l’inventaire. Il s’agit d’expertiser par une démarche scientifique la pertinence des travaux réalisés annuellement pour l’inventaire UTCATF. En particulier, il s’agit de comprendre les causes des incertitudes des données sources ; compiler les données disponibles et leurs métadonnées ; étudier qualitativement les dynamiques paysagères décrites ; et redéfinir un cadre méthodologique permettant d’estimer des taux de changements plus pertinent.

Les ministères chargés de l'écologie (Meeddm) et de l'agriculture (Maap) ont confié au Gip Ecofor une mission d'expertise collective scientifique et technique à visée prospective sur « l'avenir du massif forestier des Landes de Gascogne ». Son objectif est de mobiliser la connaissance autour d'options envisageables pour assurer l'avenir du massif forestier landais et de la partager avec l'ensemble des parties intéressées. Les document disponibles sont les rapports finaux des groupes de travail et d'experts.

Ces travaux ont été réalisés dans le cadre de la Directive Territoriale d'Aménagement et de Développement Durable (DTADD) portée par la Préfecture de la région ex-Aquitaine. La partie I de ces travaux porte sur les valeurs du massif forestier des Landes de Gascogne. Le massif est dépositaire d’importantes valeurs et fonctions non marchandes d’intérêt général notamment : paysagères, naturalistes, hydrologiques et climatiques. Ce rapport explique également que les modes de valorisation du territoire, autres que ceux liés à la production de bois d’œuvre et d’industrie, interfèrent étroitement avec la présence même de la forêt de production : l'activité touristique, l'arrivée de nouveaux habitants et l'économie induite, ainsi que le foncier forestier.

2bRAD genotyping will be used to estimate genetic diversity and connectivity among populations of Sabellaria alveolata. We will relate population genetic parameters with reef state characteristics.

This dataset presents the resulting assessment grid (based on the EEA reference grid) with the classification of chemical status of the transitional, coastal and marine waters in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This classification has been performed using the CHASE+ tool, with classifications of the matrices ‘water’, ‘sediment’ and ‘biota’ and indicators of ‘biological effects’, as well as an integrated classification of chemical status, combining results of all matrices. The chemical status is evaluated in five classes, where NPAhigh and NPAgood are recognised as ‘non-problem areas’ and PAmoderate, PApoor and PAbad are recognised as ‘problem areas’. This is the assessment made excluding concentrations of mercury (Hg). The overall area of interest used is based on the marine regions and subregions under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Additionally, Norwegian (Barent Sea and Norwegian Sea) and Icelandic waters (’Iceland Sea’) have been added (see Surrounding seas of Europe). Note that within the North East Atlantic region only the subregions within EEZ boundaries (~200 nm) have been included. This dataset underpins the findings and cartographic representations published in the report "Contaminants in Europe's Seas" (EEA, 2019).

Process-driven seafloor habitat sensitivity (PDS) has been defined from the method developed by Kostylev and Hannah (2007), which takes into account physical disturbances and food availability as structuring factors for benthic communities. It is a conceptual model, relating species’ life history traits to environmental properties. Physical environment maps have been converted into a map of benthic habitat types, each supporting species communities with specific sensitivity to human pressures. It is based on two axes of selected environmental forces. The "Disturbance" (Dist) axis reflects the magnitude of change (destruction) of habitats (i.e. the stability through time of habitats), only due to natural processes influencing the seabed and which are responsible for the selection of life history traits. The "Scope for Growth" (SfG) axis takes into account environmental stresses inducing a physiological cost to organisms and limiting their growth and reproduction potential. This axis estimates the remaining energy available for growth and reproduction of a species (the energy spent on adapting itself to the environment being already taken into account). It can be related to the metabolic theory of the ecology. The process-driven sensitivity (PDS) can be seen as a risk map that combines the two previous axes and reflects the main ecological characteristics of the benthic habitats regarding natural processes. Areas with low disturbance are areas with a naturally low reworking of the sediment, allowing the establishment of a rich sessile epifauna community, with K-strategy species. Areas with low SfG means that the environmental factors, even though there are not limiting, are in lower values, i.e. that it imposes a cost for species to live. In areas combining low disturbance and low SfG, big suspension-feeder species with long life and slow growth can often be found: these species are more vulnerable in case of added disturbance.

This dataset presents the resulting assessment grid (based on the EEA reference grid) with the classification of chemical status of the transitional, coastal and marine waters in the context of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This classification has been performed using the CHASE+ tool, with classifications of the matrices ‘water’, ‘sediment’ and ‘biota’ and indicators of ‘biological effects’, as well as an integrated classification of chemical status, combining results of all matrices. The chemical status is evaluated in five classes, where NPAhigh and NPAgood are recognised as ‘non-problem areas’ and PAmoderate, PApoor and PAbad are recognised as ‘problem areas’. This is the assessment made excluding concentrations of mercury (Hg) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) The overall area of interest used is based on the marine regions and subregions under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Additionally, Norwegian (Barent Sea and Norwegian Sea) and Icelandic waters (’Iceland Sea’) have been added (see Surrounding seas of Europe). Note that within the North East Atlantic region only the subregions within EEZ boundaries (~200 nm) have been included. This dataset underpins the findings and cartographic representations published in the report "Contaminants in Europe's Seas" (EEA, 2019): https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/contaminants-in-europes-seas.

Shom manages a network of permanent digital coastal tide-gauges on French coasts: the RONIM Sea Level Observation Network. Most tide-gauge observatories are partnered with one or more local partners.<br /><br /> Four main types of data are available for download:<br /> - “Raw high frequency" data: raw observations neither validated nor evaluated, obtained directly from the sensor. 1-minute measurement; integration time 15 seconds (on the minute); sampling period: 1 second.<br /><br /> - "Raw non-real time" data: raw observations neither validated nor evaluated, obtained directly from the sensor. 10-minute measurement; integration time 121 seconds (around every 10 minutes); sampling period: 1 second.<br /><br /> - "Validated non-real time" data: observations checked and validated by Shom from the "Raw non-real time" data. 10-minute measurement; integration time 121 seconds (around every 10 minutes); sampling period: 1 second.<br /><br /> - "Validated hourly" data: observations checked and validated by Shom, generated from "Validated non-real time" data. Hourly measurement obtained from the Vondrak filter with triangular weighting. The hourly height cannot be calculated in the event of an observation gap greater than 1.5 hours.

The dataset presents the potential combined effects of human activities and pressures on marine species and habitats estimated using the method for assessment of cumulative effects, for the entire suite of pressures and a selected set of marine species groups and habitats by an index (Halpern et al. 2008). The spatial assessment of combined effects of multiple pressures informs of the risks of human activities on the marine ecosystem health. The methodology builds on the spatial layers of pressures and ecosystem components and on an estimate of ecosystem sensitivity through an expert questionnaire. The raster dataset consists of a division of the Europe's seas in 10km and 100 km grid cells, which values represents the combined effects index values for pressures caused by human activities. The relative values indicate areas where the pressures potentially affect the marine ecosystem. This dataset underpins the findings and cartographic representations published in the report "Marine Messages" (EEA, 2020).

Ce guide a pour vocation d'informer sur les caractéristiques du risque incendie de forêt propres au massif des Landes de Gascogne, de définir les modalités de prise en compte du risque dans les documents d'urbanisme et de regrouper l'ensemble des réglementations et recommandations ayant trait à la protection contre les incendies. Il a été élaboré par l'Etat en partenariat avec l'Association des Maires des Landes et les organismes concernés par cette problématique.