Mediterranean Sea Mean Sea Level time series and trend from Observations Reprocessing
'''DEFINITION'''
The ocean monitoring indicator of regional mean sea level is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (DT-2021 version, “my” (multi-year) dataset used when available, “myint” (multi-year interim) used after) sea level anomaly maps from satellite altimetry based on a stable number of altimeters (two) in the satellite constellation. These products are distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057).
The mean sea level evolution estimated in the Mediterranean Sea is derived from the average of the gridded sea level maps weighted by the cosine of the latitude. The annual and semi-annual periodic signals are removed (least square fit of sinusoidal function) and the time series is low-pass filtered (175 days cut-off). The curve is corrected for the regional mean effect of the Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) using the ICE5G-VM2 GIA model (Peltier, 2004) to consider the ongoing movement of land due to post-glacial rebound.
During 1993-1998, the Global men sea level (hereafter GMSL) has been known to be affected by a TOPEX-A instrumental drift (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018; Legeais et al., 2020). This drift led to overestimate the trend of the GMSL during the first 6 years of the altimetry record (about 0.04 mm/y at global scale over the whole altimeter period). A correction of the drift is proposed for the Global mean sea level (Legeais et al., 2020). Whereas this TOPEX-A instrumental drift should also affect the regional mean sea level (hereafter RMSL) trend estimation, this empirical correction is currently not applied to the altimeter sea level dataset and resulting estimated for RMSL. Indeed, the pertinence of the global correction applied at regional scale has not been demonstrated yet and there is no clear consensus achieved on the way to proceed at regional scale. Additionally, the estimate of such a correction at regional scale is not obvious, especially in areas where few accurate independent measurements (e.g. in situ)- necessary for this estimation - are available. The trend uncertainty is provided in a 90% confidence interval (Prandi et al., 2021). This estimate only considers errors related to the altimeter observation system (i.e., orbit determination errors, geophysical correction errors and inter-mission bias correction errors). The presence of the interannual signal can strongly influence the trend estimation considering to the altimeter period considered (Wang et al., 2021; Cazenave et al., 2014). The uncertainty linked to this effect is not taken into account.
'''CONTEXT'''
Change in mean sea level is an essential indicator of our evolving climate, as it reflects both the thermal expansion of the ocean in response to its warming and the increase in ocean mass due to the melting of ice sheets and glaciers (WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, 2018). At regional scale, sea level does not change homogenously, and RMSL rise can also be influenced by various other processes, with different spatial and temporal scales, such as local ocean dynamic, atmospheric forcing, Earth gravity and vertical land motion changes (IPCC WGI, 2021). The adverse effects of floods, storms and tropical cyclones, and the resulting losses and damage, have increased as a result of rising sea levels, increasing people and infrastructure vulnerability and food security risks, particularly in low-lying areas and island states (IPCC, 2022a). Adaptation and mitigation measures such as the restoration of mangroves and coastal wetlands, reduce the risks from sea level rise (IPCC, 2022b).
Beside a clear long-term trend, the regional mean sea level variation in the Mediterranean Sea shows an important interannual variability, with a high trend observed between 1993 and 1999 (nearly 8.4 mm/y) and relatively lower values afterward (nearly 2.4 mm/y between 2000 and 2022). This variability is associated with a variation of the different forcing. Steric effect has been the most important forcing before 1999 (Fenoglio-Marc, 2002; Vigo et al., 2005). Important change of the deep-water formation site also occurred in the 90’s. Their contributed to change the temperature and salinity property of the intermediate and deep water masses. These changes in the water masses and distribution is also associated with sea surface circulation changes, as the one observed in the Ionian Sea in 1997-1998 (e.g. Gačić et al., 2011), under the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases (Incarbona et al., 2016). These circulation changes may also impact the sea level trend in the basin (Vigo et al., 2005). In 2010-2011, high regional mean sea level has been related to enhanced water mass exchange at Gibraltar, under the influence of wind forcing during the negative phase of NAO (Landerer and Volkov, 2013). The relatively high contribution of both sterodynamic (due to steric and circulation changes) and gravitational, rotational, and deformation (due to mass and water storage changes) after 2000 compared to the [1960, 1989] period is also underlined by (Calafat et al., 2022).
'''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS'''
Over the [1993/01/01, 2022/08/04] period, the basin-wide RMSL in the Mediterranean Sea rises at a rate of 2.5 0.83 mm/year.
'''Figure caption'''
Regional mean sea level daily evolution (in cm) over the [1993/01/01, 2022/08/04] period for the Mediterrean Sea, based on satellite altimeter observations. estimated in the Mediterranean Sea, derived from the average of the gridded sea level maps weighted by the cosine of the latitude. The ocean monitoring indicator is derived from the DUACS delayed-time (reprocessed version DT-2021, “my” (multi-year) dataset used when available, “myint” (multi-year interim) used after) altimeter sea level gridded products distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), and the Copernicus Marine Service (SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_CLIMATE_L4_MY_008_057). The annual and semi-annual periodic signals are removed, the timeseries is low-pass filtered (175 days cut-off) and the curve is corrected for the GIA using the ICE5G-VM2 GIA model (Peltier, 2004).
'''DOI (product):'''
Simple
- Alternate title
- OMI_CLIMATE_SL_MEDSEA_area_averaged_anomalies
- Date (Creation)
- 2023-11-30
- Edition
- 3.4
- Edition date
- 2023-11-30
- Identifier
- a78600a4-a280-47b5-8ddd-0dc8b5e9c9d9
- Credit
- E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Annually
- Other
- P0M0D0H/P0M0D0H
- Maintenance note
- N/A
- Maintenance and update frequency
- Quarterly
- GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0
- Use limitation
- See Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Data commitments and licence at: http://marine.copernicus.eu/web/27-service-commitments-and-licence.php
- Access constraints
- Other restrictions
- Use constraints
- License
- Other constraints
- No limitations on public access
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- reference
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- reference
- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
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- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 2b5d1c5a-b0b2-4936-b35e-48808fa2ab6a
- Association Type
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- Initiative Type
- document
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- 2019-05-08
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- 2019-05-08
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- 2019-05-08
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Initiative Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
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- 2019-05-08
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- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Initiative Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
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- Date (Creation)
- 2019-05-08
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- reference
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 48cff25a-1e64-49d9-9dee-ab64a6476bbc
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- document
- Aggregate Datasetindentifier
- 8aecafc5-273a-44d1-8d29-ab2fde271449
- Association Type
- Cross reference
- Initiative Type
- document
- Metadata language
- eng
- Topic category
-
- Oceans
- Description
- bounding box
- Begin date
- 1993-01-01
Vertical extent
- Supplemental Information
- display priority: 53800
- Reference system identifier
- EPSG / N/A
- Number of dimensions
- 2
- Dimension name
- Row
- Dimension name
- Column
- Cell geometry
- Area
- Transformation parameter availability
- No
- Distribution format
-
-
NetCDF-4
(
)
-
NetCDF-4
(
)
Distributor
- OnLine resource
-
omi_climate_sl_medsea_area_averaged_anomalies
(
WWW:STAC
)
For accessing native data and Analysis-ready Cloud-optimized data services, consult this STAC metadata endpoint
- OnLine resource
- omi_climate_sl_medsea_area_averaged_anomalies ( OGC:WMTS )
- Hierarchy level
- Series
Conformance result
- Date (Publication)
- 2010-12-08
- Explanation
- See the referenced specification
- Statement
- The myOcean products depends on other products for production or validation. The detailed list of dependencies is given in ISO19115's aggregationInfo (ISO19139 Xpath = "gmd:MD_Metadata/gmd:identificationInfo/gmd:aggregationInfo[./gmd:MD_AggregateInformation/gmd:initiativeType/gmd:DS_InitiativeTypeCode/@codeListValue='upstream-validation' or 'upstream-production']")
- Attribute description
- observation
- Content type
- Physical measurement
- Descriptor
- vertical level number: 1
- Descriptor
- temporal resolution: pluri-annual mean
- Included with dataset
- No
- Feature types
- timeseries
- File identifier
- eedc2a88-c832-41c0-bfb4-2c1391bf5056 XML
- Metadata language
- English
- Character set
- UTF8
- Hierarchy level
- Series
- Hierarchy level name
- Copernicus Marine Service product specification
- Date stamp
- 2024-03-26T09:48:03.633Z
- Metadata standard name
- ISO 19139, MyOcean profile
- Metadata standard version
- 0.2