This paper presents the assessment of potential impacts of changes in species distribution by climate change on the extended Seine Bay ecosystem.

The objective of the COME3T project were: • To provide elements of expertise, synthesis and recommendations on the identification of environmental priority issues for the ORE through the establishment of a lead neutral experts committee. • To install a French and unique network of experts that can be consulted by all ORE stakeholders.

The objective of the ANODE project was to quantify the chemical compounds emitted by the galvanic anodes of ORE structures and the risk associated with their dispersion in the marine environment. By combining ecotoxicological expertise and hydrodynamic modelling, the ANODE project has determined that there is no risk associated with most of the elements making up galvanic anodes, namely zinc, iron, copper and cadmium. On the other hand, concerning aluminium, additional experiments are necessary to conclude. The two currently available Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNECs) do not seem suitable for this assessment. These thresholds must therefore be refined and include data from in situ measurements in order to be able to estimate the possible risk associated with aluminium releases.

Configuration of the ocean model and biogeochemical modules

This study investigated the effects of a spatial closure during the exploitation phase of an offshore wind farm in the extended Bay of Seine (English Channel, France) using Ecospace, a spatially and temporally explicit module of Ecopath with Ecosim.

This report studies the effect of the cumulative effects of climate change and the reef effect induced by the implementation of the Courseulles sur mer wind farm on the emergent properties of the ecosystem, as well as the sensitivity of the ENA to a cumulative impact.

The objective of the DiMe project was to improve the characterisation of extreme sea states with breaking waves by combining observations and modelling.

Conclusion and recommendation report resulting from the results of the ANODE project and published by FEM editions

This document briefly presents the methodology used to build the Ecosim and Ecospace models representing the extended Seine Bay ecosystem as well as the main results.

The objective of the CARAVELE project was to improve the characterisation of extreme winds by combining atmospheric models with satellite and in-situ observations.