'''Short description:''' For the Global - Arctic and Antarctic - Ocean. The OSI SAF delivers five global sea ice products in operational mode: sea ice concentration, sea ice edge, sea ice type (OSI-401, OSI-402, OSI-403, OSI-405 and OSI-408). The sea ice concentration, edge and type products are delivered daily at 10km resolution and the sea ice drift in 62.5km resolution, all in polar stereographic projections covering the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The sea ice drift motion vectors have a time-span of 2 days. These are the Sea Ice operational nominal products for the Global Ocean. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00134

'''Short description:''' Arctic sea ice L3 data in separate monthly files. The time series is based on reprocessed radar altimeter satellite data from Envisat and CryoSat and is available in the freezing season between October and April. The product is brokered from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00127

'''DEFINITION''' Sea Ice Extent (SIE) is the area covered by sufficient sea ice, that is the area of ocean having more than 15% Sea Ice Concentration (SIC). SIC is the fractional area of ocean surface that is covered with sea ice. SIC is computed from Passive Microwave satellite observations since the 1970s. SIE is often reported with units of millions square kilometers. SIE includes all sea ice, and does not include lake and river ice. The change in sea ice extent (trend) is expressed in millions of km squared per decade. In addition, trends are expressed relative to the 1979-2024 period in % per decade. These trends are calculated (i) for the annual mean values; (ii) for the winter maximum cover (March in the Northern Hemisphere); (iii) for the summer minimum extent (September in the Northern Hemisphere). The annual mean trend is reported on the key figure. The March and September trends are reported in the text below. See also section 1.7 in Samuelsen et al. (2016) for an introduction to this Ocean Monitoring Indicator (OMI). '''CONTEXT''' Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats at the ocean surface. This large blanket of millions of square kilometers insulates the relatively warm ocean waters from the cold polar atmosphere. The seasonal cycle of sea ice, forming and melting with the polar seasons, impacts both human activities and biological habitat. Knowing how and by how much the sea-ice cover is changing is essential for monitoring the health of the Earth (Meredith et al. 2019; Fox-Kemper et al. 2021). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' Since 1979, the Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent has decreased in all months. Loss of sea ice extent during summer exceeds the loss observed during winter periods. Over the period 1979-2024, the annual rate amounts to -0.49 +/- +0.02 millions km squared by decade (-4.27% per decade). Winter (March) sea ice extent trend amounts to -0.37 +/- +0.03 millions km squared by decade (-2.45% per decade). Summer (September) sea ice extent trend amounts to -0.79 +/- +0.06 millions km squared by decade (-12.57% per decade). These values are in agreement with those assessed in the IPCC SROCC (Meredith et al. 2019, with estimates up until year 2018). While 2024 started with the 20th lowest mean January sea ice extent, it ended with the lowest mean December sea ice extent, since 1979. September 2024 was the 5th lowest mean September sea ice extent since 1979. The record low mean September was in 2020. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00191

Daily sea ice age and sea ice age fractions with uncertainties in the period 1991 - 2025. Coverage: Arctic Ocean. Resolution: 25 km. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/mds-00371

'''DEFINITION''' Sea Ice Extent (SIE) is the area covered by sufficient sea ice, that is the area of ocean having more than 15% Sea Ice Concentration (SIC). SIC is the fractional area of ocean surface that is covered with sea ice. SIC is computed from Passive Microwave satellite observations since the 1970s. SIE is often reported with units of millions square kilometers. SIE includes all sea ice, and does not include lake and river ice. The change in sea ice extent (trend) is expressed in millions of km squared per decade. In addition, trends are expressed relative to the 1979-2024 period in % per decade. These trends are calculated (i) for the annual mean values; (ii) for the winter maximum cover (September in the Southern Hemisphere); (iii) for the summer minimum extent (February in the Southern Hemisphere). The annual mean trend is reported on the key figure. The September and February trends are reported in the text below. See also section 1.7 in Samuelsen et al. (2016) for an introduction to this Ocean Monitoring Indicator (OMI). '''CONTEXT''' Sea ice is frozen seawater that floats at the ocean surface. This large blanket of millions of square kilometers insulates the relatively warm ocean waters from the cold polar atmosphere. The seasonal cycle of sea ice, forming and melting with the polar seasons, impacts both human activities and biological habitat. Knowing how and by how much the sea-ice cover is changing is essential for monitoring the health of the Earth (Meredith et al. 2019; Fox-Kemper et al. 2021). '''CMEMS KEY FINDINGS''' Since 1979, there has been an overall slight increase of sea ice extent in the Southern Hemisphere but a sharp decrease was observed after 2016. Over the period 1979-2024, the annual rate amounts to -0.06 +/- +0.06 millions km squared by decade (-0.48% per decade). Winter (September) sea ice extent trend amounts to -0.03 +/- +0.06 millions km squared by decade (-0.14% per decade). Summer (February) sea ice extent trend amounts to -0.06 +/- +0.05 millions km squared by decade (-1.96% per decade). These trend estimates are hardly significant, which is in agreement with the IPCC SROCC, which has assessed that ‘Antarctic sea ice extent overall has had no statistically significant trend (1979–2018) due to contrasting regional signals and large interannual variability (high confidence).’ (Meredith et al. 2019). Southern Hemisphere sea-ice extent for June through October 2024 were second lowest sea ice extent values (for these months) since 1979. November 2024 was the lowest sea ice extent recorded for all November months since 1979. '''DOI (product):''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00187

Two sets of CDR and ICDR sea ice concentration datasets from the EUMETSAT OSI SAF. One set based on AMSR-E/AMSR2 data: OSI-458+OSI-438 (covering 2002-present), and one set based on SMMR/SSMI/SSMIS data, OSI-450-a1+OSI-430-a (covering 1978-2025). The sea ice concentration is computed from atmospherically corrected PMW brightness temperatures, using a combination of state-of-the-art algorithms and dynamic tie points. It includes error bars for each grid cell (uncertainties). OSI-458 and OSI-430 were released in November 2022, OSI-450-a1 in June 2025 and OSI-438 will be released in May 2026. OSI-450 and OSI-430 will be frozen in April 2026. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00136

'''This product has been archived''' '''Short description:''' Arctic sea ice thickness from merged SMOS and Cryosat-2 (CS2) observations during freezing season between October and April. The SMOS mission provides L-band observations and the ice thickness-dependency of brightness temperature enables to estimate the sea-ice thickness for thin ice regimes. On the other hand, CS2 uses radar altimetry to measure the height of the ice surface above the water level, which can be converted into sea ice thickness assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00125

'''This product has been archived''' For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' Arctic sea ice thickness from merged SMOS and Cryosat-2 (CS2) observations during freezing season between October and April. The SMOS mission provides L-band observations and the ice thickness-dependency of brightness temperature enables to estimate the sea-ice thickness for thin ice regimes. On the other hand, CS2 uses radar altimetry to measure the height of the ice surface above the water level, which can be converted into sea ice thickness assuming hydrostatic equilibrium. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00125