The Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) was established by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO in 1985 to establish a well-designed, high-quality in situ sea level observing network to support a broad research and operational user base. Various tide gauge networks have contributed to GLOSS, each with a different focus and each changing over time as research priorities evolve. The main component is the GLOSS Core Network (GCN), a global set of ~300 tide gauges that serves as the backbone of the global in situ sea level network. GCN gauges were allocated to each island or group of islands at intervals not closer than 500 km, and along continental coasts at intervals generally not less than 1000 km. Preference was given to islands in order to maximise exposure to the open ocean. Established in 1933, the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) is responsible for the collection, publication, analysis and interpretation of sea level data from the global network of tide gauges, including the GLOSS Core Network.

'''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' You can find here the CMEMS Global Ocean Ensemble Reanalysis product at ¼ degree resolution : monthly means of Temperature, Salinity, Currents and Ice variables for 75 vertical levels, starting from 1993 onward. Global ocean reanalyses are homogeneous 3D gridded descriptions of the physical state of the ocean covering several decades, produced with a numerical ocean model constrained with data assimilation of satellite and in situ observations. These reanalyses are built to be as close as possible to the observations (i.e. realistic) and in agreement with the model physics The multi-model ensemble approach allows uncertainties or error bars in the ocean state to be estimated. The ensemble mean may even provide for certain regions and/or periods a more reliable estimate than any individual reanalysis product. The four reanalyses, used to create the ensemble, covering “altimetric era” period (starting from 1st of January 1993) during which altimeter altimetry data observations are available: * GLORYS2V4 from Mercator Ocean (Fr); * ORAS5 from ECMWF; * GloSea5 from Met Office (UK); * and C-GLORSv7 from CMCC (It); These four products provided four different time series of global ocean simulations 3D monthly estimates. All numerical products available for users are monthly or daily mean averages describing the ocean. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00024

'''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' You can find here the new Mercator Ocean (Toulouse, FR) Global Ocean Ensemble Reanalysis: monthly means of Temperature, Salinity, Currents and Ice variables at 1 degree horizontal resolution for 75 vertical levels, starting from 1993 onward. Global ocean reanalyses are homogeneous 3D gridded descriptions of the physical state of the ocean spanning several decades, produced with a numerical ocean model constrained with data assimilation of satellite and in situ observations. The multi-model ensemble approach allows uncertainties or error bars in the ocean state to be estimated. The ensemble mean may even provide, for certain regions and/or periods, a more reliable estimate than any individual reanalysis product. The four reanalyses, used to create the ensemble, covering “altimetric era” period (starting from 1st of January 1993) during which altimeter altimetry data observations are available: * GLORYS2V4 from Mercator Ocean (Fr) ; * ORAS5 from ECMWF ; * GloSea5 from Met Office (UK) ; * and C-GLORS05 from CMCC (It). ; provided as four different time series of global ocean simulations 3D monthly estimates, post-processed to create this Global Reanalysis Ensemble Product (GREP). Available variables are temperature, salinity, velocities and ice variables. These reanalyses are built to be as close as possible to the observations (i.e. realistic) and in agreement with the model physics. The numerical products available for users are monthly mean averages describing the ocean from surface to bottom (5900 m). '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00023

'''This product has been archived'''                For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' The low resolution ocean physics analysis and forecast for the North-West European Shelf is produced using a forecasting ocean assimilation model, with tides, at 7 km horizontal resolution. The ocean model is NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), using the 3DVar NEMOVAR system to assimilate observations. These are surface temperature, vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, and along track satellite sea level anomaly data. The model is forced by lateral boundary conditions from the UK Met Office North Atlantic Ocean forecast model and by the CMEMS Baltic forecast product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006 BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006]. The atmospheric forcing is given by the operational UK Met Office Global Atmospheric model. The river discharge is from a daily climatology. Further details of the model, including the product validation are provided in the [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-001.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-001]. Products are provided as hourly instantaneous and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are temperature, salinity, horizontal currents, sea level, mixed layer depth, and bottom temperature. Temperature, salinity and currents, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 24 standard geopotential depths (z-levels). Grid-points near to the model boundaries are masked. The product is updated daily, providing a 6-day forecast and the previous 2-day assimilative hindcast. See [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-001_002.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-001_002] for further details. '''Associated products:''' This model is coupled with a biogeochemistry model (ERSEM) available as CMEMS product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_ANALYSISFORECAST_BGC_004_002 NWSHELF_ANALYSISFORECAST_BGC_004_002] A reanalysis product is available from: [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009 NWSHELF_MULTIYEAR_PHY_004_009]. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00057

"''Short description:''' The IBI-MFC provides a high-resolution ocean analysis and forecast product (daily run by Nologin with the support of CESGA in terms of supercomputing resources), covering the European waters, and more specifically the Iberia–Biscay–Ireland (IBI) area. The last 2 years before now (historic best estimates) as well as forecasts of different temporal resolutions with a horizon of 10 days (updated on a daily basis) are available on the catalogue. The system is based on a eddy-resolving NEMO model application at 1/36º horizontal resolution, being Mercator-Ocean in charge of the model code development. The hydrodynamic forecast includes high frequency processes of paramount importance to characterize regional scale marine processes: tidal forcing, surges and high frequency atmospheric forcing, fresh water river discharge, wave forcing in forecast, etc. A weekly update of IBI downscaled analysis is also delivered as historic IBI best estimates. The product offers 3D daily and monthly ocean fields, as well as hourly mean and 15-minute instantaneous values for some surface variables. Daily and monthly averages of 3D Temperature, 3D Salinity, 3D Zonal, Meridional and vertical Velocity components, Mix Layer Depth, Sea Bottom Temperature and Sea Surface Height are provided. Additionally, hourly means of surface fields for variables such as Sea Surface Height, Mix Layer Depth, Surface Temperature and Currents, together with Barotropic Velocities are delivered. Doodson-filtered detided mean sea level and horizontal surface currents are also provided. Finally, 15-minute instantaneous values of Sea Surface Height and Currents are also given. '''DOI (Product)''': https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00027

'''This product has been archived''' For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description:''' The ocean physics analysis and forecast for the North-West European Shelf is produced using a forecasting ocean assimilation model, with tides, at 1.5 km horizontal resolution coupled with a wave model. The ocean model is NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean), using the 3DVar NEMOVAR system to assimilate observations. These are surface temperature, vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, and along track satellite sea level anomaly data. The model is forced by lateral boundary conditions from Copernicus Marine Service product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_001_024 GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHY_001_024] and by the Copernicus Marine Service Baltic forecast product [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006 BALTICSEA_ANALYSISFORECAST_PHY_003_006]. The atmospheric forcing is given by the operational ECMWF Numerical Weather Prediction model. The river discharge is from a daily climatology. Further details of the model, including the product validation are provided in the [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/QUID/CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-013.pdf CMEMS-NWS-QUID-004-013]. The wave model is described in [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014 NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014]. Products are provided as hourly instantaneous, quarter-hourly, and daily 25-hour, de-tided, averages. The datasets available are temperature, salinity, horizontal currents, sea level, mixed layer depth, and bottom temperature. Temperature, salinity and currents, as multi-level variables, are interpolated from the model 51 hybrid s-sigma terrain-following system to 33 standard geopotential depths (z-levels) and from the model rotated grid to a regular lat-lon grid. The product is updated daily, providing a 6-day forecast and the previous 2-day assimilative hindcast. See [http://catalogue.marine.copernicus.eu/documents/PUM/CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-013_014.pdf CMEMS-NWS-PUM-004-013_014] for further details. '''Associated products:''' [https://resources.marine.copernicus.eu/?option=com_csw&view=details&product_id=NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014 NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_WAV_004_014]. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00054

'''Short description:''' You can find here the CMEMS Global Ocean Ensemble Reanalysis product at ¼ degree resolution : monthly means of Temperature, Salinity, Currents and Ice variables for 75 vertical levels, starting from 1993 onward. Global ocean reanalyses are homogeneous 3D gridded descriptions of the physical state of the ocean covering several decades, produced with a numerical ocean model constrained with data assimilation of satellite and in situ observations. These reanalyses are built to be as close as possible to the observations (i.e. realistic) and in agreement with the model physics The multi-model ensemble approach allows uncertainties or error bars in the ocean state to be estimated. The ensemble mean may even provide for certain regions and/or periods a more reliable estimate than any individual reanalysis product. The three reanalyses, used to create the ensemble, covering “altimetric era” period (starting from 1st of January 1993) during which altimeter altimetry data observations are available: * GLORYS2V4 from Mercator Ocean (Fr); * ORAS5 from ECMWF; * and C-GLORSv7 from CMCC (It); These three products provided three different time series of global ocean simulations 3D monthly estimates. All numerical products available for users are monthly or daily mean averages describing the ocean. '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00024

SeaDataNet is a standardized infrastructure for managing the large and diverse marine data sets collected at sea by the oceanographic fleets, the ships of opportunity and the automatic observation systems. The SeaDataNet infrastructure network sand enhances the currently existing infrastructures, which are the national oceanographic data centres or data focal points of 34 countries, active in data collection. The networking of these professional data centres, in a unique virtual data management system provides integrated data sets of standardized quality on-line. As a research infrastructure, SeaDataNet contributes to build research excellence in Europe. SeaDataNet connects together more than 100 data centres aiming at preserving and making re-useable marine observations ranging from ocean physics to chemistry and biology. SeaDataNet infrastructure was implemented during the SeaDataNet project (2006-2011), grant agreement 026212, EU Sixth Framework Programme. The second phase, SeaDataNet 2 project (2011-2015), grant agreement 283607, EU Seventh Framework Programme has upgraded the SeaDataNet infrastructure into an operationally robust and state-of-the-art Pan-European infrastructure for providing up-to-date and high quality access to ocean and marine metadata, data and data products by: setting, adopting and promoting common data management standards, realizing technical and semantic interoperability with other relevant data management systems and initiatives on behalf of science, environmental management, policy making, and economy. SeaDataCloud project (2016-2020), grant agreement 730960, EU H2020 programme, aims at considerably advancing SeaDataNet Services and increasing their usage, adopting cloud and High Performance Computing technology for better performance.

'''This product has been archived''' For operationnal and online products, please visit https://marine.copernicus.eu '''Short description''' The Operational Mercator global ocean analysis and forecast system at 1/12 degree is providing 10 days of 3D global ocean forecasts updated daily. The time series is aggregated in time in order to reach a two full year’s time series sliding window. This product includes daily and monthly mean files of temperature, salinity, currents, sea level, mixed layer depth and ice parameters from the top to the bottom over the global ocean. It also includes hourly mean surface fields for sea level height, temperature and currents. The global ocean output files are displayed with a 1/12 degree horizontal resolution with regular longitude/latitude equirectangular projection. 50 vertical levels are ranging from 0 to 5500 meters. This product also delivers a special dataset for surface current which also includes wave and tidal drift called SMOC (Surface merged Ocean Current). '''DOI (product) :''' https://doi.org/10.48670/moi-00016