LOCEAN has been in charge of collecting sea water for the analysis of water isotopes on a series of cruises or ships of opportunity mostly in the equatorial Atlantic, in the North Atlantic, in the southern Indian Ocean, in the southern Seas, Nordic Seas, and in the Arctic. The LOCEAN data set of the oxygen and hydrogen isotope (δ18O and δD) of marine water covers the period 1998 to 2019, but the effort is ongoing. Most data prior to 2010 (only δ18O) were analyzed using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Isoprime IRMS) coupled with a Multiprep system (dual inlet method), whereas most data since 2010 (and a few earlier data) were obtained by cavity ring down spectrometry (CRDS) on a Picarro CRDS L2130-I, or less commonly on a Picarro CRDS L2120-I. Occasionally, some data were also run by Marion Benetti on an Isoprime IRMS coupled to a GasBench (dual inlet method) at the university of Iceland (Reykjavik). On the LOCEAN Picarro CRDS, most samples were initially analyzed after distillation, but since 2016, they have often been analyzed using a wire mesh to limit the spreading of sea salt in the vaporizer. Some of the samples on the CRDS were analyzed more than once on different days, when repeatability for the same sample was not sufficient or the daily run presented a too large drift. Accuracy is best when samples are distilled, and for δD are better on the Picarro CRDS L2130-I than on the Picarro CRDS L2120-I. Usually, we found that the reproducibility of the δ18O measurements is within ± 0.05 ‰ and of the δD measurements within ± 0.30 ‰, which should be considered an upper estimate of the error on the measurement on a Picarro CRDS. The water samples were kept in darkened glass bottles (20 to 50 ml) with special caps, and were often (but not always) taped afterwards. Once brought back in Paris, the samples were often stored in a cold room (with temperature close to 4°C), in particular if they were not analyzed within the next three months. There is however the possibility that some samples have breathed during storage. We found it happening on a number of samples, more commonly when they were stored for more than 5 years before being analyzed. We also used during one cruise bottles with not well-sealed caps (M/V Nuka Arctica in April 2019), which were analyzed within 3 months, but for which close to one third of the samples had breathed. We have retained those analyses, but added a flag ‘3’ meaning probably bad, at least on d-excess (outside of regions where sea ice forms or melts, for the analyses done on the Picarro CRDS, excessive evaporation is usually found with a d-excess criterium (which tends to be too low); for the IRMS analyses, it is mostly based when excessive scatter is found in the S- δ18O scatter plots or between successive data, in which case some outliers were flagged at ‘3’). In some cases when breathing happened, we found that d-excess can be used to produce a corrected estimate of δ18O and δD (Benetti et al., 2016). When this method was used a flag ‘1’ is added, indicating ‘probably good’ data, and should be thought as not as accurate as the data with no ‘correction’, which are flagged ‘2’ or ‘0’. We have adjusted data to be on an absolute fresh-water scale based on the study of Benetti et al. (2017), and on further tests with the different wire meshes used more recently. We have also checked the consistency of the runs in time, as there could have been changes in the internal standards used. On the Isoprime IRMS, it was mostly done using different batches of ‘Eau de Paris’ (EDP), whereas on the Picarro CRDS, we used three internal standards kept in metal tanks with a slight overpressure of dry air). The internal standards have been calibrated using VSMOW and GISP, and were also sent to other laboratories to evaluate whether they had drifted since the date of creation (as individual sub-standards have typically stored for more than 5-years). These comparisons are still not fully statisfactory to evaluate possible drifts in the sub-standards. Version V5 contains only one global file (ALL-Wisotopes-V5). However, up to version V4, individual files corresponded to regional subsets : - SO: Southern Ocean including cruise station and surface data mostly from 2017 in the Weddell Sea (WAPITI Cruise JR160004, DOI:10.17882/54012), as well as in the southern Ocean south of 20°S - SI: OISO cruise station and surface data in the southern Indian Ocean (since 1998) (DOI:10.18142/228) - EA: 20°N-20°S cruise station and surface data (since 2005), in particular in the equatorial Atlantic from French PIRATA (DOI:10.18142/14) and EGEE cruises (DOI:10.18142/95) - NA: 20°N-72°N station and surface data, mostly in the North Atlantic from Oceanographic cruises as well as from ships of opportunity (this includes in particular OVIDE cruise data since 2002 (DOI:10.17882/46448),  CATARINA, BOCATS1 and BOCATS2 (PID2019-104279GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) cruises funded by the Spanish Research Agency, RREX2017 2017 cruise data (DOI:10.17600/17001400), SURATLANT data set since 2011 (DOI:10.17882/54517), Nuka Arctica and Tukuma Arctica data since 2012, STRASSE (DOI:10.17600/12040060) and MIDAS cruise data in 2012-2013, as well as surface data from various ships of opportunity since 2012) - NS: Nordic Sea data from cruises in 2002-2018 - AS: Arctic Ocean north of 72°N, in particular from two Tara cruises (in 2006-2008 and 2013) and expeditions since 2020 - PM: miscellaneous data in tropical Pacific, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea In some regions, such as in the Indian Ocean, it is valuable to combine different subsets to have the full data distribution. The files are in csv format reported, and starting with version V1, it is reported as: - Cruise name, station id, bottle number, day, month, year, hour, minute, latitude, longitude, pressure (db), temperature (°C), it, salinity (pss-78), is, dissolved oxygen (micromol/kg), io2, δ18O, iO, d D, iD, d-excess, id, method type - Temperature is an in situ temperature - Salinity is a practical salinity it, is, io2, iO, iD, id are quality indices equal to: - 0 no quality check (but presumably good data) - 1 probably good data - 2 good data - 3 probably bad data - 4 certainly bad data - 9 missing data (and the missing data are reported with an unlikely missing value) The method type is 1 for IRMS measurements, 2 for CRDS measurement of a saline water sample, 3 for CRDS measurement of a distilled water sample.

The general objective of the PEACETIME cruise is to study the fundamental processes and their interactions at the ocean-atmosphere interface, occurring after atmospheric deposition (especially Saharan dust) in the Mediterranean Sea, and how these processes impact the functioning of the pelagic ecosystem. During the proposed 33 days cruise in the western and central Mediterranean Sea in May 2017, we will study the impact of atmospheric deposition on the cycles of chemical elements, on marine biogeochemical processes and fluxes, on marine aerosols emission and how ongoing changes will impact the functioning of Mediterranean Sea communities in the future. The cruise is designed to explore a variety of oligotrophic regimes. Combining in situ observations both in the atmosphere and the ocean, and in situ and minicosm-based on-board process studies, the 40 embarking scientists from atmosphere and ocean sciences will characterize the chemical, biological and physical/optical properties of both the atmosphere and the sea-surface microlayer, mixed layer and deeper waters. The PEACETIME strategy (season and cruise track) associated to a combination of dust transport forecasting tools and near real-time satellite remote sensing is designed to maximize the probability to catch a Saharan dust deposition event in a stratified water column in order to follow the associated processes in-situ. This coordinated multidisciplinary effort will allow us to fill the current weaknesses/lacks in our knowledge of atmospheric deposition impact in the ocean and feedbacks to the atmosphere in such oligotrophic systems. As a key joint-project between MERMEX and CHARMEX : The PEACETIME project comes in the scope of the regional multidisciplinaryprogramme MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales ), which aims at predicting the evolution of this region following strong expected changes in climate and human pressures. In this framework, the PEACETIME project constitutes a key joint project between the ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) and MERMEx (Marine Ecosystems Response in the Mediterranean Experiment) initiatives, enabling to gather communities of atmospheric chemists and marine biogeochemists around the common question of assessing the impact of atmospheric deposition on the marine biogeochemical processes and air-sea exchanges.

WFS for EMODNet HRSM CDI services by SeaDataNet

LOCEAN has been in charge of analyzing the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in sea water collected during a series of cruises or ships of opportunity mostly in the southern Indian Ocean , the North Atlantic, and the equatorial Atlantic, but also in the Mediterranean Sea and in the equatorial Pacific. The LOCEAN sea-water samples for δ13CDIC were collected in 125/25 ml glass bottles until 2022/since then and poisoned with HgCl2 (1 ml of saturated solution) before storage in a dark room à 4°C until their measurement. The DIC was extracted from the seawater by acidification with phosphoric acid (H3PO4 85%) and CO2 gas that was produced was collected in a vacuum system following the procedure described by Kroopnick (1974). The isotopic composition of CO2 was determined using a dual inlet-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (SIRA9-VG) by comparing the 13C/12C ratio of the sample to the 13C/12C ratio of a reference material, the Vienna-Pee Dee Belemnite (V-PDB). The isotopic composition is expressed in the δ-unit defined by Craig (1957)(method type 2).  Experience showed that samples older than 3-4 years are likely to have experienced conservation issues and have been dismissed. The mass spectrometer has worked very well until 2014-2015. Afterwards, its aging as well as the aging of the preparation line resulted in more data loss, and often less accurate results. The preparation line was renovated in 2019, and analyses in 2020 were run manually, often repeating the measurement a second time for each sample. Up to 2007-2008, δ13CDIC values have a precision of±0.01 ‰ (Vangriesheim et al.,2009) and a reproducibility of±0.02 ‰. After an interlaboratory comparison exercise led by Claire Normandeau (Dalhousie  University),  results  suggest  that  recent  LOCEAN  samples have a slightly poorer reproducibility (±0.04 ‰ ) as well as an offset of -0.13‰ (details available in Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018) that is confirmed by Becker et al. 2016 work by comparison with other cruises after removing the anthropogenic signal. Recent comparisons in early May 2021 with Orsay GEOPS facility samples suggest that the current offset is much smaller and might be +0.03‰. LOCEAN has installed in 2021 a new measurement device by coupling a Picarro G2131-I cavity ring down spectrometer (CRDS) with a CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) that will measure at the same time DIC (method type 3) (Leseurre, 2022). Since then, all water samples have been analyzed on this device. Part of the data set, as well as a scientific context and publications are also presented on the WEB site https://www.locean-ipsl.upmc.fr/oceans13c. Individual files correspond to regional subsets of the whole dataset. The file names are based on two letters for the region followed by (-) the cruise or project name (see below) followed by –DICisotopes, followed by either -s (surface data) or -b (subsurface data), and a version number (-V0, …): example SI-OISO-DICisotopes-s-V0; the highest version number corresponds to the latest update of the cruise/project data set, and can be directly downloaded. Earlier versions can be obtained on request, but are not recommended. The region two letters are the followings:   - SI: station and surface data in the Southern Indian Ocean that include cruises : INDIGO I (1985 – stn) (https://doi.org/10.17600/85000111) CIVA I (1993 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.17600/93000870) (Archambeau et al., JMS 1998) ANTARES (1993 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.17600/93000600) OISO (*) (since 1998 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.18142/228) (Racapé et al., Tellus 2010, Leseurre, 2022)   - EA: station and surface data in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean that include cruises : EQUALANT (1999 & 2000 – surf) (https://doi.org/10.18142/98) EGEE (2005 to 2007 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.18142/95) PIRATA (since 2013 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.18142/14) EUMELI 2 (1991 – stn) (https://doi.org/10.17600/91004011)  (Pierre et al., JMS 1994) BIOZAIRE 3 (2003 – stn & surf ) (https://doi.org/10.17600/3010120) (Vangriesheim et al., DSRII, 2009) TARA-Microbiomes (2021 - stn & surf)   - NA : station and surface data in the North Atlantic Subpolar gyre that include cruises : OVIDE (**) (since 2002 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.17882/46448) (Racapé et al., 2013) RREX (2017 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.17600/17001400) SURATLANT (since 2010 - surf) (https://doi.org/10.17882/54517) (Racapé et al., BG 2014 ; Reverdin et al., ESSD 2018, Leseurre, 2022) NUKATUKUMA (since 2017- surf)   - MS: station data in the Mediterranean sea that include cruises : ALMOFRONT 1 (1991 – stn) (https://doi.org/10.17600/91004211) VICOMED 3 (1990 – stn) (https://doi.org/10.17600/90000711)   - PO: tropical Pacific that include cruises : PANDORA (2012 – stn) (https://doi.org/10.17600/12010050) ALIZE2 (1991 – stn & surf) (https://doi.org/10.17600/91002711) (Laube-Lenfant and Pierre, Oceanologica Acta 1994)   - SO: station and surface data in the Southern Ocean (except OISO) that include cruises: TARA-Microbiomes (2021-2022, stn & surf) AGULHASII-072022 (2022, stn) CONFLUENCE (1993-1994, stn)   - AO: station and surface data in the Arctic Ocean and nearby seas that include cruises: GREENFEEDBACK (2024, stn&surf) TCA (2024, stn) REFUGE ARCTIC (2024, stn) (*) The values for cruises OISO19, 21 and 22 are doubtful (for some, too low) and will require further investigation to find whether adjusted values can be proposed. (**) Some of the OVIDE cruises are also referred to as or GEOVIDE (in 2014), and BOCATS (in 2016). CATARINA, BOCATS1 and BOCATS2 (PID2019-104279GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) cruises were funded by the Spanish Research Agency  The values of the OVIDE 2010 stations are doubtful (too low), but no particular error was found, and they have been left in the files.   Data The files are in csv format reported as: - Cruise name, station id, (bottle number), day, month, year, hour, minute, longitude, latitude, pressure (db), depth (m), temperature (°C), temperature qc, salinity (pss-78), salinity qc, d13CDIC, d13CDIC qc, method type - Temperature is an in situ temperature - Salinity is a practical salinity - Method type (1) acid CO2 extraction from helium stripping technique coupled to mass spectrometer, (2) acid CO2 extraction in a vacuum system coupled to mass spectrometer,(3) CO2 extractor (Apollo SciTech) coupled to CRDS measurements. Temperature qc, salinity qc, d13CDIC qc are quality indices equal to: - 0 no quality check (but presumably good data) - 1 probably good data - 2 good data - 3 probably bad data - 4 certainly bad data - 9 missing data (and the missing data are reported with an unlikely missing value)

The Mediterranean Sea is a natural laboratory to address questions about the formation and evolution of continental margins and the relationship between surface and deep processes. Different regional to local events have influenced the Neogene stratigraphic evolution of the Valencia and Menorca basins. The evaporites deposited during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) strongly impact its sedimentary and geomorphological evolution. Here we present a compilation of the main regional seismic stratigraphic markers from the continental platform to the deep sea. We provide in xyz format (z in second twt) the original picking files, (not interpolated) and interpolated grid of: i) the top of the Mesozoic formation, the base of the Neogene formations including the early Miocene volcanic features, ii) the top Burdigalian, Langhian, and Serravallian seismic horizons, iii) the seismic horizons related to the Messinian Salinity Crisis, iv) the Pliocene and Pleistocene seismic horizons v) the depth of the Seafloor. The available reflection seismic dataset results from the compilation and processing of vintage seismic profiles of previous works and from the Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana (IGME). This compilation is currently the first available in literature and provides a useful contribution to the scientific community working on sedimentary, tectonics and geodynamics within the Western Mediterranean basins.

Plankton was imaged with the PlanktoScope in different oceanic regions using different nets and protocol of conservation. This dataset aims to serve as reference for taxonomic identification with the PlanktoScope across 256 plankton taxa from 20µm to 300µm. Reference dataset can also serve as learning set for prediction in Ecotaxa (https://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr/prj/15535).  The full images were processed and segmented with the PlanktoScope around each individual. A set of associated features were measured on the objects with skimage.measure. All objects were classified into 256 different classes using the web application EcoTaxa (http://ecotaxa.obs-vlfr.fr). The following dataset corresponds to the 169, 149 objects and their calculated features. The different files provide information about the features of the objects, their taxonomic identification as well as the raw images.   taxa.csv.gz   Table of the classification of each object in the dataset, with columns: - object_id: unique object identifier in EcoTaxa. - annotation_category: taxonomic name corresponding to the last level of hierarchy - annotation_hierarchy: taxonomic lineage to the category  - set: class of the image corresponding to the taxon  - img_file_name: local path of the image corresponding to the taxon, named according to the object id   features_native.csv.gz   Table of morphological features computed by PlanktoScope. All features are computed on the object only, not the background. All area/length measures are in pixels.    - object_id: unique object identifier in Ecotaxa   And 33 features:   - width: width of the smallest rectangle enclosing the object (pixel) - height: height of the smallest rectangle enclosing the object (pixel) - bx: X coordinates of the top left point of the smallest rectangle enclosing the object (pixel) - by: Y coordinates of the top left point of the smallest rectangle enclosing the object (pixel) - circ.: circularity of the object ((4∗π ∗Area)/Perim^2) [0-1] - area_exc: Surface area of the object excluding holes (pixel2) - area: Surface area of the object (pixel2) - %area: Percentage of object’s surface area that is comprised of holes - major: Length of the primary axis of the best fitting ellipse for the object (pixel) - minor: Length of the secondary axis of the best fitting ellipse for the object (pixel) - y: Y position of the center of gravity of the object (pixel) - x: X position of the center of gravity of the object (pixel) - convex_area: The area of the smallest polygon within which all points in the object fit (pixel2) - perim.: The length of the outside boundary of the object (pixel) - elongation: elongation index (major/minor)  - perimareaexc: index of the relative complexity of the perimeter (perim/area_exc) - perimmajor: Index of the relative complexity of the perimeter (perim/major) - circex: Circularity of object excluding white pixels ((4 ∗ π ∗ Area_exc)/perim 2) - angle: Angle between the primary axis and a line parallel to the x-axis of the image - bounding_box_area: Area of the smallest box containing the object (pixel2) - eccentricity: Eccentricity of the ellipse that has the same second-moments as the region. Ratio of the focal distance of the ellipse over the major axis length [0-1] - equivalent_diameter: The diameter of a circle with the same area as the object (pixel) - euler_number: Euler characteristic of the set of non-zero pixels. Computed as number of connected components subtracted by number of holes - extent: Ratio of pixels in the object to pixels in the total bounding box - local_centroid_col: Horizontal coordinate of the center of mass of the object (pixel) - local_centroid_row: Vertical coordinate of the center of mass of the object (pixel) - solidity: Ratio of pixels in the object to pixels of the convex hull image (area / convex_area) - meanhue: Mean base color of the object in hue scale (0-360) - meansaturation: Mean saturation of the object [0-100] - meanvalue: Mean brightness of the object [0-100] - stdhue: Standard deviation of base color - stdsaturation: Standard deviation of saturation  - stdvalue: Standard deviation of brightness   inventory.tsv Tree view of the taxonomy and number of images in each taxon, displayed as text. With columns : - annotation_hierarchy: taxonomic lineage - annotation_category: name of the taxon  - n: number of objects in each taxon group map.png Map of the sampling locations, to give an idea of the diversity sampled in this dataset. imgs Directory containing images of each object, named according to the object id object_id and sorted in subdirectories according to their taxon.

The precise location and geometry of oceanic spreading centers and associated transform faults or discontinuities' boundary has fundamental implications in our understanding of oceanic accretion, the accommodation of deformation around rigid lithospheric blocks, and the distribution of magmatic and volcanic processes. The now widely used location of mid oceanic ridges worldwide, published by P. Bird in 2003, can be updated based on recent publicly available and published ship-based multibeam swath bathymetry data (100-m resolution or better), now available to ~25% of the ocean seafloor, but covering a significant proportion of the mid-ocean ridge system (>70%). Here we publish the MAPRIDGES database built under the coordination of CGMW (Commission for the Geological Map of the World), with a first version V1.0 (06/2024) that provides high resolution and up-to-date datasets of mid-ocean ridge segments and associated transform faults, and follow-up updates that will also include non-transform offsets. The detailed mapping of individual mid oceanic ridge segments was conducted using GMRT (Ryan et al., 2009) (version 4.2 for MAPRIDGES V1.0), other publicly available datasets (e.g., NCEI, Pangaea, AWI), and existing literature. MAPRIDGES will be revised with the acquisition of additional datasets, new publications, and correction of any errors in the database. The MAPRIDGE database was built in a GIS environment, where each feature holds several attributes specific to the dataset. We include three different georeferenced shapefile layers: 1) Ridge Segments, 2) Transform Faults, and 3) Transform Zones. The latest corresponds to zones of distributed strike-slip deformation that lack a well-defined fault localizing strain, but that are often treated as transform faults. 1) The Ridge Segments Layer contains 1461 segments with 9 attributes: - AREA_LOCA: The Name of the Ridge System - LOC_SHORT: The short form of the Ridge System using 3 characters - LAT: The maximum latitude of the ridge segment - LONG: the maximum longitude of the ridge segment - LENGTH: the length of the ridge segment in meters - CONFIDENCE: the degree of confidence on digitization based on the availability of high-resolution bathymetry data: 1 = low to medium confidence, 2 = high confidence - REFERENCES: supporting references used for the digitization - NAME_CODE: unique segment code constructed from the LOC_SHORT and LAT attributes in degree, minute, second coordinate format - NAME_LIT: name of the segment from the literature if it exists 2) The Transform Fault Layer contains 260 segments with 4 attributes: - NAME_TF: Name of the transform fault according to the literature - LENGTH: length of the transform fault in meters - LAT: The maximum latitude of the fault segment - LONG: the maximum longitude of the fault segment 3) The Transform Zone layer contains 10 segments with 4 attributes: - NAME_TF: Name of the transform zone according to the literature - LENGTH: length of the transform fault in meters - LAT: The maximum latitude of the fault segment - LONG: the maximum longitude of the fault segment To facilitate revisions and updates of the database, relevant information, corrections, or data could be sent to B. Sautter (benjamin.sautter@univ-ubs.fr) and J. Escartín (escartin@geologie.ens.fr).

Serveur wms du projet DCSMM

Serveur wms public de l'Ifremer, Accès aux données du Sismer