The raster dataset represents the intensity of species disturbance due to human presence along European coastlines. The dataset was created by combining the coastal urbanisation layer derived from Corine Land Cover 2012 (with the percentage of urbanised coastline per EEA 10 km grid cell) and the population density layer based on EUROSTAT NUTS 2016 data (with the population density in the NUTS 3 region corresponding to the coastal EEA 10 km grid cell). The dataset does not cover southern and western Mediterranean Sea, northern Black Sea and northernmost Atlantic Ocean. The dataset was prepared for the combined effect index produced for the ETC/ICM Report 4/2019 "Multiple pressures and their combined effects in Europe's seas" available on: https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-icm/etc-icm-report-4-2019-multiple-pressures-and-their-combined-effects-in-europes-seas-1.

The dataset presents the potential combined effects of land-based pressures on marine species and habitats estimated using the method for assessment of cumulative effects, for the entire suite of pressures and a selected set of marine species groups and habitats by an index (Halpern et al. 2008). The spatial assessment of combined effects of multiple pressures informs of the risks of human activities on the marine ecosystem health. The methodology builds on the spatial layers of pressures and ecosystem components and on an estimate of ecosystem sensitivity through an expert questionnaire. The raster dataset consists of a division of the Europe's seas in 10km and 100 km grid cells, which values represents the combined effects index values for pressures caused by land-based human activities. The relative values indicate areas where the pressures potentially affect the marine ecosystem. This dataset underpins the findings and cartographic representations published in the report "Marine Messages" (EEA, 2020).

JRA55-do is a surface dataset for driving ocean-sea ice models and used in phase 2 of OMIP (OMIP-2). JRA55-do corrects the atmospheric reanalysis product JRA-55 (Kobayashi et al., 2015) using satellite and other atmospheric reanalysis products. The merits of JRA55-do are the high horizontal resolution (~55 km) and temporal interval (3 h). An assessment by Tsujino et al. (2020) implies that JRA55-do can suitably replace the current CORE/OMIP-1 dataset. This reanalysis of atmospheric variables is provided by the Japanese Meteorological Agency starting in the year 1958 and will be used to drive the coupled NEMO-ERSEM model in the hindcast configuration.

This raster dataset represents the input of microbial pathogens along the European coastlines. The pressure layer was created using three different datasets rasterized using the EEA 10 km grid: urban agglomerations reported under the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (2017), EMODnet dataset of ports lying on the sea coast together with passenger information (annual average 2006-2016) and Intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli data at bathing sites as measured under the Bathing Water Directive reporting obligation (average 2008-2016). All three datasets were then classified into four classes, aggregated and classified again (quantile classes between 0 and 1, with the latter being the highest pathogen pressure). This dataset has been prepared for the calculation of the combined effect index, produced for the ETC/ICM Report 4/2019 "Multiple pressures and their combined effects in Europe's seas" available on: https://www.eionet.europa.eu/etcs/etc-icm/etc-icm-report-4-2019-multiple-pressures-and-their-combined-effects-in-europes-seas-1.

Species distribution models (GAM, Maxent, and Random Forest ensemble) predicting the distribution of Sea pens and burrowing megafauna assemblages in the Northeast Atlantic. This community is considered ecologically coherent according to the cluster analysis conducted by Parry et al. (2015) on image samples. Modeling its distribution complements existing work on their definition and offers a representation of the extent of the areas of the North East Atlantic where they can occur based on the best available knowledge. This work was performed at the University of Plymouth in 2021.

Distribution of unequivocal Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) and VME likelihood based on indicator taxa records, on the North Atlantic (18°N to 76°N and 36°E to 98°W). Several datasets, originating from public databases, literature review and data call to ATLAS partners, were gathered to compute the presence of unequivocal VME habitats in 25km * 25 km cells for the ATLAS work package 3. One layer displays the unequivocal VMEs (value=4) and the assigned high (value=3), medium (value=2) or low (value=1) likelihood of gridsquares to host VMEs, indexed on indicator taxa records from public databases with the method detailed in Morato et al (2018). The second displays the confidence associated to the VME likelihood score, indexed on data quality as detailed in Morato et al (2018) (values for unequivocal VMEs thus 100% confidence=4; high confidence=3; medium confidence=2; low confidence=1). This dataset was built to feed a basin-wide spatial conservation planning exercise, targeting the deep sea of the North Atlantic. The goal of this approach was to identify conservation priority areas for Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) and deep fish species, based on the distribution of species and habitats, human activities and current spatial management.