Sediment Profile Images (SPIs) are commonly used to map physical, biological and chemical/nutrient gradients in benthic habitats. SpiArcBase is a software that has been developed for the analysis of Sediment Profile Images (SPIs). It has been conceived to improve the objectivity of extracted information (especially the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD). The software presents a graphical user interface designed to enhance the interpretation of features observed on SPIs in an objective manner and to facilitate image management and structures visualization via a data base.The software also allows for the storage of generated data and the automatic computation of a benthic habitat quality index. The facilities provided within JERICONext include access to the software through free downloading and assistance in its utilization.

SpiArcBase is a software developed for the treatment of Sediment Profile images (SPIs). Sediment Profile Images (SPIs) are widely used for benthic ecological quality assessment under various environmental stressors. The processing of the information contained in SPIs is slow and its interpretation is largely operator dependent. SpiArcBase enhances the objectivity of the information extracted from SPIs, especially for the assessment of the apparent Redox Potential Discontinuity (aRPD). This software allows the user to create and manage a database containing original SPIs and corresponding derived pieces of information. Once you have downloaded it, you can ask for help and stablish a helpdesk.

A final aggregated vulnerability index was obtained by combining all the partial indices belonging to each of the five vectors with V4 scores multiplied by −1 since Vector 4 indicators are of “resilience” rather than of “vulnerability”. Figures 6a and 6b show respectively map and cartogram of the geographical distribution obtained for this vector. As can be seen, except for most of Ireland, the Atlantic European coast ap- pears in redish colours corresponding to higher values of vulnerability.

The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) was launched on 18 May 2012, onboard the Global Change Observation Mission - Water (GCOM-W) satellite developed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The GCOM-W mission aims to establish the global and long-term observation system to collect data, which is needed to understand mechanisms of climate and water cycle variations, and demonstrate its utilization. AMSR2 onboard the first generation of the GCOM-W satellite will continue Aqua/AMSR-E observations of water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, sea surface wind speed, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture. AMSR2 is a remote sensing instrument for measuring weak microwave emission from the surface and the atmosphere of the Earth. From about 700 km above the Earth, AMSR2 will provide us highly accurate measurements of the intensity of microwave emission and scattering. The antenna of AMSR2 rotates once per 1.5 seconds and obtains data over a 1450 km swath. This conical scan mechanism enables AMSR2 to acquire a set of daytime and nighttime data with more than 99% coverage of the Earth every 2 days. Remote Sensing Systems (RSS, or REMSS), providers of these SST data for the Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Project, performs a detailed processing of AMSR2 instrument data in two stages. The first stage produces a near-real-time (NRT) product (identified by "_rt_" within the file name) which is made as available as soon as possible. This is generally within 3 hours of when the data are recorded. Although suitable for many timely uses the NRT products are not intended to be archive quality. "Final" data (currently identified by "v08" within the file name) are processed when RSS receives the atmospheric model National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) Operational Global Analysis. The NCEP wind directions are particularly useful for retrieving more accurate SSTs and wind speeds. This dataset adheres to the GHRSST Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2 format specifications.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on an operational basis at the Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) on a global 0.1 degree grid. The K10 L4 sea surface temperature analysis uses SST observations from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E), and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager. The age, reliability, and resolution of the data are used in the weighted average with the analysis tuned to represent SST at 1 meter depth. AVHRR Pathfinder 9km climatology is used when no new satellite SST retrievals are available after 34 days.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.25 degree grid at the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) by interpolating and extrapolating SST observations from different sources, resulting in a smoothed complete field. The sources of data are satellite (AVHRR) and in situ platforms (i.e., ships and buoys), and the specific datasets employed may change over. At the marginal ice zone, sea ice concentrations are used to generate proxy SSTs. A preliminary version of this file is produced in near-real time (1-day latency), and then replaced with a final version after 2 weeks. Note that this is the AVHRR-ONLY (AVHRR-OI), available from September 1, 1981, but there is a companion SST product that includes microwave satellite data, available from June 2002.

A global Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on the NOAA-19 platform (launched 6 Feb 2009) produced and used operationally in oceanographic analyses and forecasts by the US Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO). The AVHRR is a space-borne scanning sensor on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) family of Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) having a operational legacy that traces back to the Television Infrared Observation Satellite-N (TIROS-N) launched in 1978. AVHRR instruments measure the radiance of the Earth in 5 (or 6) relatively wide spectral bands. The first two are centered around the red (0.6 micrometer) and near-infrared (0.9 micrometer) regions, the third one is located around 3.5 micrometer, and the last two sample the emitted thermal radiation, around 11 and 12 micrometers, respectively. The legacy 5 band instrument is known as AVHRR/2 while the more recent version, the AVHRR/3 (first carried on the NOAA-15 platform), acquires data in a 6th channel located at 1.6 micrometer. Typically the 11 and 12 micron channels are used to derive SST sometimes in combination with the 3.5 micron channel. The NOAA platforms are sun synchronous generally viewing the same earth location twice a day (latitude dependent) due to the relatively large AVHRR swath of approximately 2400 km. The highest ground resolution that can be obtained from the current AVHRR instruments is 1.1 km at nadir. AVHRR data are acquired in three formats: High Resolution Picture Transmission (HRPT), Local Area Coverage (LAC), and Global Area Coverage (GAC). HRPT data are full resolution image data transmitted to a ground stations as they are collected. LAC are also full resolution data, but the acquisition is prescheduled and recorded with an on-board tape recorder for subsequent transmission during a station overpass. This particular dataset is produced from GAC data that are derived from an on-board sample averaging of the full resolution global AVHRR data. Four out of every five samples along the scan line are used to compute on average value and the data from only every third scan line are processed, yielding an effective 4 km resolution at nadir. Further binning and averaging of these pixels results in a final dataset resolution of 8.8 km.

A global 1 km Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) Level 2P dataset based on multi-channel sea surface temperature (SST) retrievals generated in real-time from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European Meteorological Operational-A (MetOp-A）satellite （launched 19 Oct 2006). The European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT),Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI SAF) is producing SST products in near realtime from METOP/IASI. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) measures inthe infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum at a horizontal resolution of 12 km at nadir up to40km over a swath width of about 2,200 km. With 14 orbits in a sun-synchronous mid-morningorbit (9:30 Local Solar Time equator crossing, descending node) global observations can beprovided twice a day. The SST retrieval is performed and provided by the IASI L2 processor atEUMETSAT headquarters. The product format is compliant with the GHRSST Data Specification(GDS) version 2.

A Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) global Level 4 sea surface temperature analysis produced daily on a 0.09-degree grid at Remote Sensing Systems. This product uses optimal interpolation (OI) from both microwave (MW) sensors including the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), the NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSRE), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) onboard the GCOM-W1 satellite, and WindSat operates on the Coriolis satellite, and infrared (IR) sensors such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Aqua and Terra platform and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on board the Suomi-NPP satellite. The through-cloud capabilities of microwave radiometers provide a valuable picture of global sea surface temperature (SST) while infrared radiometers (i.e., MODIS) have a higher spatial resolution. This analysis does not use any in situ SST data such as drifting buoy SST. Comparing with previous version 4.0 dataset, the version 5.0 has made the updates in several areas, including the diurnal warming model, the sensor-specific error statistics (SSES) for each microwave sensor, the sensor correlation model, and the quality mask. Version Description:

The Meteosat Second Generation (MSG-3) satellites are spin stabilized geostationary satellites operated by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) to provide accurate weather monitoring data through its primary instrument the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI), which has the capacity to observe the Earth in 12 spectral channels. Eight of these channels are in the thermal infrared, providing among other information, observations of the temperatures of clouds, land and sea surfaces at approximately 5 km resolution with a 15 minute duty cycle. This Group for High Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) dataset produced by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) is derived from the SEVIRI instrument on the second MSG satellite (also known as Meteosat-9) that was launched on 22 December 2005. Skin sea surface temperature (SST) data are calculated from the infrared channels of SEVIRI at full resolution every 15 minutes. L2P data products with Single Sensor Error Statistics (SSES) are then derived following the GHRSST-PP Data Processing Specification (GDS) version 2.0. Version Description: